Finals Flash Cards

Question 1

Biology is:

Answer 1

The science of life including organs, growth, reproduction, structure and behavior

Question 2

What is not a characteristic of all living things?

Answer 2

Move in response to environment

Question 3

A cells relativity constant internal and physical and chemical condition is called?

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

A cell theory states all of the following except:

Answer 4

All living things must be made up of many cells

Question 5

In chemical reactions atoms are…?

Answer 5

Rearranged

Question 6

Why are carbon atoms so special to living things?

Answer 6

Carbon atoms can bond to one another and form a lot of different substances

Question 7

All matter living and nonliving is composed of the elements on the periodic table. Elements of importance to biology including carbon, hydrogen nitrogen phosphorus and..?

Answer 7

Oxygen

Question 8

Which of the following organic molecules does NOT demonstrate “single repeating units bonding together to make larger molecules?

Answer 8

Fats and lipids

Question 9

Complete the analogy: Nucleotides are to DNA, as amino acids are to…?

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

If an enzymes shape is changed due to high temperature:

Answer 10

The enzyme will not be able to function because it can not fit with the substrate

Question 11

Proteins differ from fats and carbohydrates by the presence of what?

Answer 11

Nitrogen

Question 12

You dump out a glass of water. Instead of just dumping from the middle it runs down the side of the glass and out this is due to..?

Answer 12

Adhesion of the water glass

Question 13

The special properties of water that make it so vital to life on earth such as cohesion adhesion high boiling points and ice floating on liquid water are due to

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds forming between water molecules

Question 14

What of these foods has the greatest concentration of H+ ions (acid ions)

Answer 14

The one with the number farthest away from 7 but closest to 0

Question 15

You are doing an experiment where you add acid to water. You have two beakers of water. You observe that in beaker A the pH goes down every drop added and in beaker B the pH does not change as you add acid. Beaker B must contain what…?

Answer 15

A buffer

Question 16

Whether a cell is a prokaryote or a eukaryote all cells willhave

Answer 16

A cell membrane

Question 17

Plant cells differ from animal cells in that

Answer 17

Plant cells have cell walls

Question 18

The students were required to read an article on cells. The cells contain a large central vacuole and chloroplast. What type of cell was the article talking about

Answer 18

Plant cells

Question 19

You find that the chemical you used to “preserve” a cell has the the lysosomes to disappear from the cell. What effect will this loss have on the cell

Answer 19

Increased waste build up in the cell

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a chemical that triggers the formation of many more ribososomes than ordinarily present in this type of cell. What efefct will these extra ribosomes have on the cell?

Answer 20

Increased proteins

Question 21

What best describes the “fluid mosaic model” of the structure of the cell membrane

Answer 21

A double layer of lipid molecules with protein molecules embedded (stuck) in the layer

Question 22

The cell membrane is described as semi permeable Why?

Answer 22

Allows some substances to move in and out but not others.

Question 23

The reactants or photosynthesis are

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 24

The products of photosynthesis are

Answer 24

Glucose and oxygen

Question 25

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires what?

Answer 25

Oxygen

Question 26

Which of the following groups of organisms preform cellular respiration in mitochondria to produce ATP for their energy needs

Answer 26

Only all eukaryotes

Question 27

ATP is a compound that is synthesized when

Answer 27

Energy stored in chemical bonds of glucose is released during cellular respiration

Question 28

What is the relationship between the process of Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration

Answer 28

Glucose which enters cellular respiration is the product of photosynthesis

Question 29

Which of the following represents the final products of the chemical reactions that take place inside the mitochondria?

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide, water, ATP

Question 30

What type of solution is the cell in?

Answer 30

Hypotonic

Question 31

Which way will osmosis occur?

Answer 31

Water will move into the cell

Question 32

The change in the cell structure is the result of adding which kind of solution (the cell in image one is full and image two is more depleted)

Answer 32

Hypertonic Solution

Question 33

Some materials can move across the cell membrane AGAINST the concentration gradient by

Answer 33

Active transport

Question 34

The cell cycle is divided with to major parts what are they

Answer 34

Interphase and mitosis

Question 35

Which of the following is a key event during the S phase of the cell cycle

Answer 35

The genetic material is duplicated

Question 36

A diploid cell with 18 chromosomes undergoes mitosis producing

Answer 36

2 daughter cells with 18 chromosomes each

Question 37

A human gamete producing cell undergoes cell division. This results in

Answer 37

Four genetically different cells

Question 38

What phase of mitosis is the cell in? (The cells chromosomes are all next to each other full X)

Answer 38

Metaphase

Question 39

What do the structures labeled A represent (structures look like X's)

Answer 39

Chromosomes

Question 40

The number of autosomes and type of sex chromosomes normally present in a humans egg cell is

Answer 40

22+X

Question 41

Crossing over occurs regularly during mitosis. Why is crossing over advantageous to a species

Answer 41

Increases genetic variation

Question 42

The hair color and eye color of the person sitting nearest you are examples of

Answer 42

Phenotype

Question 43

The cells genetic information (DNA) is found as which structure?

Answer 43

Chromosomes

Question 44

The correct description of genes and alleles is

Answer 44

Genes are sequences of DNA which code for proteins, alleles are different forms of a gene

Question 45

What can show that environment can affect genetic traits

Answer 45

Hydrangea flower color varies with soil pH

Question 46

What is the probability that a heterozygous tall pee plant will produce a gamete with the allele for tallness

Answer 46

50%

Question 47

The allele for black fur is B and the allele for white fur is b and demonstrates incomplete dominance, the heterozygous genotype will result in which phenotype

Answer 47

A blend of two colors (grey)

Question 48

The allele for red petals is R and the allele for white pedals is r. The petals demonstrate simple dominance. What is the genotype of a flower with white petals

Answer 48

rr

Question 49

Flower color in carnation displays codominance. If R=red and and flowers and r=white flowers a plant with herterozygous genotype will have

Answer 49

Red and white flowers

Question 50

Two pea plants are heterozygous for tallness (dominant) and yellow peas (dominant) will produce (on average) how many short plants with green peas)

Answer 50

1

Question 51

In Mendel's plants, one allele produces purple flowers, while the other produces white flowers because

Answer 51

The DNA subunits at those alleles code for different proteins

Question 52

If 2 red snapdragons are crossed, what is the probability a red offspring will be produced

Answer 52

25%

Question 53

The offspring of a mating between two heterozygous black guinea pigs in which black coat color is dominant B over white coat color b would probably have a genotype ratio of

Answer 53

1BB:2Bb:1bb

Question 54

If a person produces 7 offspring's with a carrier mate, what are the chances that any sons will be bald

Answer 54

50%

Question 55

The sex chromosome of any daughter produced by person 8 and 9 will be

Answer 55

XBXB or XBXb

Question 56

Colorblindness is an Xlinked recessive trait. Look at the pedigree below.What does the youngest child of generation 2 tell us about her mothers genotype

Answer 56

Mothers genotype is heterozygous, she is a carrier

Question 57

Jillians mother has AB blood and Jillians father has O blood. What is the possible types of blood types?

Answer 57

A or B

Question 58

If a plants alleal for height is tt what is the true phenotype of the parents

Answer 58

Both parents contribute a recessive trait

Question 59

Variation in human skin color is an example of

Answer 59

Polygenic traits

Question 60

A couple wants to have a baby. The father had a bad car accident when he was little and lost a finger. The couple fears that there baby will be born also missing a finger. What is the probability of this?

Answer 60

0%

Question 61

Which nitrogenous bases make up DNA nucleotides

Answer 61

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 62

Which statement comparing DNA and RNA structure is correct?

Answer 62

RNA contains sugar ribose and DNA contains sugar deoxyribose

Question 63

The karyotype to the right shows an individual with

Answer 63

Trisomy 21

Question 64

The condition where a sperm or egg cell has one more or less chromosome than normal (+1 or -1) is caused by what?

Answer 64

Nondisjunction

Question 65

The following DNA sequence is replicated: ATTTGGGCC. The complimentary code is:

Answer 65

TAAACCCGG

Question 66

The following DNA sequence is transcribed: ATATATCCCG. The complimentary code is:

Answer 66

UAUAUAGGGC

Question 67

The picture to the right represents which process? (depicts one DNA cell splitting into two cells)

Answer 67

DNA Replication

Question 68

Which path correctly describes how genes are expressed?

Answer 68

DNA  RNA protein

Question 69

The diagram above represents which process? (depicts dna and something going through the DNA)

Answer 69

Transcription

Question 70

``` Sample G C A T 1 35 35 15 15 2 40 10 40 10 3 25 25 25 25 A scientist analyzes several DNA samples to determine the proportions of the difference bases present. Which sample(s) support base pairing rules? ```

Answer 70

Samples 1 and 3

Question 71

Where does the process of transcription occur and why?

Answer 71

In the nucleus because that is where the DNA is

Question 72

What is the correct order of amino acids coded for by the mRNA strand UUU AAA CCC GGG? (Will be given elements chart)

Answer 72

Phenylalanine, lysine, proline, glycine

Question 73

During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the:

Answer 73

Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA

Question 74

Which of the following does not directly participate in translation?

Answer 74

DNA

Question 75

A sequence of DNA that has 3000 bases would produce a protein made up of how many amino acids? (*Think: how many bases = 1 amino acid?)

Answer 75

1000

Question 76

Which of the following would be considered a transgenic organism?

Answer 76

A sheep that produces a cow protein

Question 77

During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later in development, the cells will become specialized through a process called:

Answer 77

Differentiation

Question 78

Bone marrow is the location in the body where all several different types of blood cells (red, white, etc) originate from (multipotent). Leukemia is a blood cancer where abnormal blood cells are being produced by the bone marrow. Which of the following best explains the goal of bone marrow transplants to leukemia patients:

Answer 78

Replaced bone marrow stem cells will differentiate into normal blood cells

Question 79

Darwin observed that many organisms seemed well suited to:

Answer 79

Surviving in the specific environment in which they lived

Question 80

Variations within a species are most likely the result of:

Answer 80

Mutation and sexual reproduction

Question 81

The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of its:

Answer 81

Fitness

Question 82

After many generations, an insect species evolved resistance to a particular pesticide. This occurred because spraying pesticides:

Answer 82

Naturally selected for insects that were able to survive the pesticide

Question 83

The principle of common descent helps explain why:

Answer 83

Birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics

Question 84

Which of the following phrases best describe Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection?

Answer 84

Organisms with beneficial variations survive more, consequently reproduce more, and pass those traits to their offspring

Question 85

Peppered moths occur in pale and dark colored varieties. As the moths’ habitat became darkened by industrial soot, the dark colored variety became more common, while the pale variety became less common. This is because:

Answer 85

The darker moths survived in larger numbers and were therefore more able to leave similar offspring behind

Question 86

In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are:

Answer 86

Vestigial structures

Question 87

Two DNA sequences (parts of the entire DNA molecule) found in two different species are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these species:

Answer 87

May have similar evolutionary histories/share common ancestor

Question 88

Which sequence shows increasing complexity in levels of ecological organization?

Answer 88

Organisms, populations, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 89

The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes both living and nonliving factors is the:

Answer 89

Ecosystem

Question 90

An example of an abiotic factor in an organism’s environment is:

Answer 90

Water

Question 91

Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to eat the honey and bees. This relationship is BEST described as:

Answer 91

Mutulism

Question 92

Which level of the energy pyramid below right depicts the organisms that are responsible for creating the carbohydrates that will be consumed by the other organisms in this ecosystem?

Answer 92

Level D

Question 93

Which of the following is an example of niche that reduces competition?

Answer 93

Owls and snakes hunting for the same food source at different times

Question 94

Which of the following does not describe a population?

Answer 94

All of the small mammals in a forest

Question 95

In the food web to the right, what would the mouse be classified as?

Answer 95

Omnivore

Question 96

The food web to the right, what would the cougar be classified as?

Answer 96

Secondary Consumer

Question 97

Which of the following best describes the relationship between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

Answer 97

Heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for energy

Question 98

Why does actual growth level off

Answer 98

Because carrying capacity is reached

Question 99

Suppose 10,000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. Why does the wolf only receives 10 units of energy?

Answer 99

Energy is made unavailable at each level because of cell processes and loss as heat

Question 100

The movements of energy and nutrients thought ecosystems are different because:

Answer 100

Energy flows in one direction, and nutrients are recycled

Question 101

The number of individuals of one kind that an environment can support with its available resources is called the:

Answer 101

Carrying Capasity

Question 102

Global warming is the result of:

Answer 102

Greenhouse gases (such as CO2 released from factories) getting trapped in the atmosphere