Cell division , Genetics,Reproduction study guide

Question 1

a fertilized egg, the result of a sperm and egg cell nucleus combining

Answer 1

Zygote

Question 2

the many celled ball that results after and ovum is fertilized

Answer 2

blastula

Question 3

Steps in Mitosis

Answer 3

Porphase,Metaphase,Anaphase,and Telophase

Question 4

of cell divisions

Answer 4

Mitosis= 1 Meiosis = 2

Question 5

of daughter cells

Answer 5

Mitosis = 2 Meiosis = 4

Question 6

Chromosome#

Answer 6

Mitosis = 2n Meiosis = 1n

Question 7

sperm cell and egg cell nucleus fuse forming a zygote

Answer 7

Fertilization

Question 8

the zygote begins to divide forming a many celled ball called a blastula. each cell in the blastula is identical at this point ,and is called a blastomere

Answer 8

Cleavage

Question 9

Each blastomre transforms into one of three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm

Answer 9

Gastriculation

Question 10

the neural fold forms closes and becomes the neutral tube a precursor of the brainnnnnnnn and spinal cord. if the tube does not close completely, a condition callled spinal bifida results.

Answer 10

Neurlation

Question 11

formation and function of the organs

Answer 11

Organogenesis

Question 12

all organs become larger

Answer 12

growth

Question 13

the reproductive organs produce functional gametes - egg and sperm

Answer 13

Gametogenesis

Question 14

a segment on a chromosome which codes for 1 trait

Answer 14

gene

Question 15

the passing of genetic information form parent to offspring

Answer 15

Heredity

Question 16

requires only 1 allele for the trait to be expressed i.e. Rr > red flower

Answer 16

Dominant Trait

Question 17

Requires 2 alleles for the trait to be expressed i.e. rr white flower color

Answer 17

Recessive Trait

Question 18

the actual alleles present in an individual

Answer 18

Genotype

Question 19

what you see in the individual i.e. Brown hair, red flower color.

Answer 19

phenotype

Question 20

a version of a gene. I.e. R or r

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes and therefore 2 alleles for each trait

Answer 20

Allele

Question 21

Genrally 3 phenotypes are seen for the trait I.e Red, pink, and white

Answer 21

Incomplete Dominance

Question 22

the allele or trait is carried on the X chromosome and is seem more frequently in males than females

Answer 22

sex linked

Question 23

chromosomes exchange portions of themselves and increase genetic variability

Answer 23

Crossing Over

Question 24

Inactivated X chromosomes found only in females

Answer 24

Barr bodies

Question 25

produces a nutrient fluid rich in fructose. Acts as a PH buffer and contains prostaglandin to increase vaginal and uterine muscle contractions to help move the sperm up the female reproductive tract.

Answer 25

Seminal vesicle

Question 26

Produces a mucus like lubricating substance. located at base of penis

Answer 26

Cowpers Gland

Question 27

Secretes a milky alkaline fluid and adjusts ph of semen to ph7.5

Answer 27

Prostate Gland

Question 28

Spermatogenic cells in tubule wall

Answer 28

produce sperm

Question 29

Supporting , sertoli or nurse cells

Answer 29

nourish and support developing sperm

Question 30

in connective tissue around tubule produce testosterone

Answer 30

interstitial cells

Question 31

collecting duct for maturing sperm

Answer 31

Epididymis

Question 32

muscular tube which moves sperm from te epididymis to the base of the penis. It ends at the seminal vesicle

Answer 32

Vas Deferens

Question 33

the fluid from all of the glands, plus sperm

Answer 33

Semen

Question 34

composed of follicular cells plus an ovum. follicular cells turn into corpus leutem after the 14th day of the cycle and produce estrogen

Answer 34

Follicle

Question 35

in the female. produces a mucus like lubricating substance

Answer 35

Bartholins Gland

Question 36

a cell that will develop into an mature egg or ovum

Answer 36

Ooyte

Question 37

composed of follicles. Produces one Ovum per month, and estrogen

Answer 37

OVary

Question 38

the lining of the Uterus

Answer 38

endometrium

Question 39

a hollow muscular tube that acts as te birth canal, and used for copulation

Answer 39

Vagina

Question 40

A hollow muscular tube that nourished an embryo in pregnancy

Answer 40

Uterus

Question 41

muscular ring a the bottom of the vagina. Produces thick mucus near the time of ovulation. produces very thick mucus in pregnancy to help prevent sperm from entering the reproductive tract.

Answer 41

Cervix

Question 42

causes painful blisters and sores on the Genital region

Answer 42

Genital Herpes

Question 43

Causes painful urination in males, and pid or pelvic inflammatory disease in females

Answer 43

Gonorrhea

Question 44

caused by a tiny parasitic bacterium. can cause sexual, eye, joint ,,and lung infections in new borns

Answer 44

Chlamydia

Question 45

caused by a bacterium. occurs in 3 distinct stages. 1 chancre 2 body rash 3 . nervous system , brain and artery damage .

Answer 45

syphilis

Question 46

caused by the papiloma virus. cause wart like growth on the genital area. treated by removal but they grow back

Answer 46

Genital warts

Question 47

COnsists of G1,s,G2

Answer 47

INterphase

Question 48

Normal growth of the cell

Answer 48

Gap phase 1

Question 49

Dna is replicated or copied if the cell is large enough and ad enough cell organelles

Answer 49

s snthesis

Question 50

a protein necessary for cell division is made

Answer 50

Gap Phase 2

Question 51

movement of chromosomes

Answer 51

Mitosis

Question 52

the chromatin condenses into highly coiled turned off chromosomes

Answer 52

Prophase

Question 53

Chromosomes at the equator or metaphase plate

Answer 53

Metaphase

Question 54

Centromere splits and each sister chromatid moves to opposite ends or poles of the cell.

Answer 54

Anaphase

Question 55

Chromatids are at the poles of the cell. the nuclear envelope reforms around them and cytokinesis or division of the cytoplasm begins

Answer 55

Telophase

Question 56

XXY sterile male with some breast development

Answer 56

Kleinfelters syndrome

Question 57

3 copies of chromosomes #21 Mental Retardation

Answer 57

Down Sndrome

Question 58

Faulty chloride ion channel . mucus builds up in lungs , pancreas, and intestines DNAse is a treatment no cure

Answer 58

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 59

these individuals can not eat phenylalanine , one of the amino acids, and must not eat foods with nutraSweet.

Answer 59

PKU

Question 60

Xo

Answer 60

Turners Syndrome

Question 61

a female hormone which causes the uterine lining to thicken in anticipation of pregnancy

Answer 61

estrogen

Question 62

Maintains the uterine lining if pregnancy occurs

Answer 62

Progesterone

Question 63

Follicle stimulating hormone causes the follicle to develop and mature

Answer 63

FSH

Question 64

Leutenizing hormone causes the oocyte to complete its1 st meiotic division in preparation of ovulation

Answer 64

LH

Question 65

after ovulation the follicle cells are converted into corpus luteum, which produces estrogen on about the 21st day of the menses cycle.

Answer 65

Corpus Luteum