Organ system study Guide

Question 0

are blood proteins and there are 3 varieties. alpha globulins are produced in the liver and have an immune function. beta globulins are produced by te liver and transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins.
gamma globulins are formed by lymphocyces and have an immune function

Answer 0

Globulins

Question 1

are small blood proteins which provide osmotic pressure and draw fluid out of surrounding tissue

Answer 1

Albumins

Question 2

is made in the liver, comprises 4% of blood plasma protein and is converted to fibrin to form clots.

Answer 2

Fibrinogen

Question 3

a foreign substance which stimulates the immune response

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

a protein secreted by a B cell that binds to an antigen and marks it for destruction by macrophages

Answer 4

Antibody

Question 5

has a thin layer of smooth muscle , valves, and blood flowing at low pressure & velocity

Answer 5

vein

Question 6

has a thick layer of smooth muscle , no valves, and blood flwing with high pressure and velocity

Answer 6

Artery

Question 7

the site of gas exchange with tissue. capillaries are narrow one cell layer thick, and allow blood to flow through in a single file row.

Answer 7

Capillary

Question 8

this structure is part of the lymph system, acts as a filter, contains phagocytic cells, cleans lymph fluid and swells when you are sick.

Answer 8

Lymph Node

Question 9

are found between an atrium and a ventricle

Answer 9

Atrioventricular Valves

Question 10

is found at the base of the aorta

Answer 10

The aortic semilunar valve

Question 11

is found at te base of the pulmonary artery

Answer 11

The pulmonary semilunar

Question 12

are thread like tendons attached to the papillary muscle in the ventricle of the heart and the atrioventricular valve . they prevent the valve from blowing open like an umbrella in a wind storm.

Answer 12

Chordae Tenineae

Question 13

respiratory tube lined with cartilage and leads to the bronchial tubes of the lungs

Answer 13

Trachea

Question 14

branches of the bronchial tubes in each lungs

Answer 14

Bronchioles

Question 15

air sacs in the lung which are surrounded by capillaries and are the site of gas exchange in the lung.

Answer 15

Alveoli

Question 16

connects the nasal cavity throat and larynx

Answer 16

Pharynx

Question 17

is the study of the precise amounts of nutrients and calories needed daily for healthy living

Answer 17

Nutriotion

Question 18

are organic compounds needed for growth and metabolism not manufactured by animals and are found in a balanced diet

Answer 18

vitamins

Question 19

amino acids which can not be produced in animals. there are 8

Answer 19

Essential amino acid

Question 20

the digestive tract starting with the mouth, and ending with the anus

Answer 20

Alimentary canal

Question 21

stores and condenses bile

Answer 21

Gall Bladder

Question 22

produces about 2 liters of bile per day

Answer 22

Liver

Question 23

produce saliva and salivary amylase which begins starch digestion

Answer 23

salivary Glands

Question 24

secretes insulin, glucagon, bicarbonate, trypsin, and other enzymes which aid digestion

Answer 24

Pancreas

Question 25

stores and chruns food, and has a low PH to digest connective tissue in meats and other foods ,and to kill some bacteria, churned food is called chyme

Answer 25

stomach

Question 26

lined with microvilli, digests macromolecules and absorbs nutrients

Answer 26

Small intestine

Question 27

is lined with phagocytic cells has immune function, and is at the juncture of the large and small intestine

Answer 27

Appendix

Question 28

absorbs salt water and stores feces until they can ben released form the body

Answer 28

colon

Question 29

removed excess water and toxins for the blood stream and produces urine

Answer 29

Kidney

Question 30

thin tube with smooth muscle in its wall. conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 30

Urethra

Question 31

a gland with a duct. ex silk gland or mild gland

Answer 31

Exocrine gland

Question 32

no duct. the glandular product is secreted directly into the extracellular fluid surrounding the gland

Answer 32

Endocrine Gland

Question 33

a chemical messenger which causes a change to occur in the cell that it targets . ex bone cell will grow when exposed to growth hormones

Answer 33

Hormone

Question 34

a gland with many lobes, one disappears at maturity, produces several hormones and is found at the center of the brain

Answer 34

Pituitary

Question 35

a group of nerves at the base of the brain , produces several hormones, and stores in the pituitary gland

Answer 35

Hypothalamus

Question 36

produces thyroxin a hormone which regulates growth and metabolism. Iodine is necessary of the production of thyroxin

Answer 36

Thyroid gland

Question 37

enlarged thyroid due to a lack of iodine in the diet

Answer 37

Goiter

Question 38

embedded in the thyroid it produces calcatonin which regulates blood levels of calcium and deposits excess calcium in bone

Answer 38

Parathyroid

Question 39

regulates salt concentrations in blood and urine

Answer 39

Aldosterone

Question 40

antidiuretic hormone- conserves water, and produces a more concentrated urine

Answer 40

ADH

Question 41

A urinary tract infection

Answer 41

Cystitis

Question 42

upper arm bone under the biceps

Answer 42

Humorus

Question 43

the collar bone

Answer 43

Clavicle

Question 44

the larger bone in the lower leg

Answer 44

Tibia

Question 45

produces adrenaline or epinephrine. increase blood sugar levels, faster breathing less sugar to the stomach and intestines. sets you up for the fight of flight reflex, or gives you the energy to do something.

Answer 45

Adrenal Medulla

Question 46

produces cortisol or hydrocortisone speeds up metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, reduces inflammation of red, swollen tissue

Answer 46

Adrenal Cortex

Question 47

in the mid brain it controls reproductive cycles, moods, and onset of puberty indirectly connected to the optic nerve, so it can sense light and dark. produces melatonin in the dark, which cause you to fall asleep. causes sad or seasonal affected disorder. tired and sluggish in the dark winter months. cure - 100w light bulb, and sit by if for about 15 min. turns off melatonin production and you feel more awake.

Answer 47

Pineal Gland

Question 48

Produces bicaronate to increase the PH of the small intestine closer to 7 so enzymes can work. produces insulin which causes liver cells to take up sugar and store it as glycongen, produces glucagon which convert glycogen in the liver back to glucose which is release to the blood and body.

Answer 48

Pancreas

Question 49

received stimulus in a nerve

Answer 49

Dendrite

Question 50

Carries a nerve stimulus over long distances in a nerve

Answer 50

AXon

Question 51

a cell that wraps around the axon. it pysically supports it and diffuses nutrients in to it.

Answer 51

Schwann cell

Question 52

French of buttons. blubs at the end of the axon that release neurotransmitter from one neuron to the next

Answer 52

Boutons

Question 53

the thin filament in a muscle fiber . it looks like a string of pearls. myosin heads bind to active sites on it cause muscle contraction.

Answer 53

Actin

Question 54

The thick filament in a muscle fiber it like a bunch of golf club heads

Answer 54

Myosin

Question 55

a rope like protein that covers that active sites on actin. when tropomyosin is in place the muscle does not contract

Answer 55

Tropomyosin

Question 56

skeleton arm, hand leg, foot, pectoral girdle (scapula - shoulder blade and clavicle- collar bond.

Answer 56

Appendicular

Question 57

skul, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

Answer 57

Axial Skeleton

Question 58

a bone cell

Answer 58

Osteocyte

Question 59

a unit of contraction in a muscle

Answer 59

sarcomere

Question 60

180 degrees of motion ie knee elbow

Answer 60

Hinge Joint

Question 61

360 degrees of motion Ie hip, shoulder Joints

Answer 61

ball and socket joint

Question 62

looks spongy, contains marrow and produces blood cells. found at the end of the bone

Answer 62

spongy bone

Question 63

dense and strong. found in the shaft of middle of a bone

Answer 63

compact bone

Question 64

j

Answer 64

Dendrite

Question 65

j

Answer 65

Axon

Question 66

j

Answer 66

Schwann cell

Question 67

j

Answer 67

actin

Question 68

d

Answer 68

myosin

Question 69

j

Answer 69

calcium