Cell division in eucaryotes Flashcards
is it complex in eucaryotes
it is more complex
what is the DNA like in eucaryotes
it has more DNA so it has to be wrapped up using proteins- histones. The chromosomes are in one area in the nucleus and are surrounded by the nuclear envelope
what is the nuclear envelope surrounded by
nuclear lamina made up of lamin protein
what do the daughter cells get
a copy of each chromosome
the the M phase visible
under the microscope the M phase is visible- the rest of the time it is interphase
what are the 4 phases of the cell cycle
- G1 (cell growth)
- G1 checkpoint - S (DNA replicated)
- G2 (puase)
- G2 checkpoint - M phase
what examines the status at each checkpoint
control proteins- if satisfactory- proceeds through checkpoint- if not - it is instructed to self-destruct to stop organism damage
what happens if a cell escapes the quality control step
leads to reproduction of faulty cells- step to cancer
what triggers mitosis
enzyme activity called MPF - Mitosis promoting factor
what 2 proteins does MPF have
- cyclin
- Cyclin-dependant kinase cdk
how does cell division differ
it depends on how fast the tissue is growing- human liver cells on year- frog embryo cells 30 minutes
what are the phases of interphase
- cell growth
- DNA replication
- Centrosome duplication
what are the phases of the M phase
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
what occurs in prophase
chromosome condensation, spindle assembly
what occurs in prometaphase
breakdown of nuclear envelope, chromosome attachment to spindle and movement
