Translation

Question 1

what bonds do RNA molecules have

Answer 1

hydrogen bonds to themselves as it is single stranded

Question 2

what is the shape of tRNA

Answer 2

3D schematic cloverleaf

Question 3

what do ribosomes consist of

Answer 3

large and small subunits and are made of 80 proteins and 4 unique ribosomal RNA molecules in total

Question 4

what allows fast and accurate translation of mRNA

Answer 4

a ribosome

Question 5

how many binding sites does ribosomes have

Answer 5

3- A,P,E

Question 6

What is the A binding site

Answer 6

aminoacyl - tRNA

Question 7

What is the P binding site

Answer 7

peptide - tRNA

Question 8

What is the E binding site

Answer 8

exit

Question 9

what are the 3 phases of translation

Answer 9

1. initiation
2. elongation
3. termination

Question 10

what is initiation

Answer 10

1. the ribosome is in 2 halves and they come together on the mRNA
2. the subunit binds first with the tRNA for the start codon (AUG) and these read the mRNA from the 5’ end
3. when they find the AUG the large subunit binds

Question 11

what is termination

Answer 11

1.when a stop codon is reached a release factor binds instead of tRNA
2. water is added to the end (c-terminus) of the protein chain
3. the 2 halves of the ribosome separate, releasing the mRNA (for another round of translation or breakdown)