cell function

Question 1

define diffusion

Answer 1

passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration of that substance until all molecules are evenly spaced (equilibrium

Question 2

define high concentration

Answer 2

many molecules

Question 3

define low concentration

Answer 3

fewer molecules

Question 4

differences of diffusion and osmosis

Answer 4

diffusion:doesn’t necessarily involve a membrane, high to low, not restricted to water
osmosis: refers to the movement across a membrane, low to high concentration, includes water or solvent

Question 5

define osmosis

Answer 5

passive movement of a solvent (usually water) from where it is low concentrated to places of a higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane

Question 6

define solvent

Answer 6

substance that dissolves a solute (e.g. salt) to form a solution

Question 7

what is the process of osmosis

Answer 7

movement of a solvent (water) through a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration, equalising the concentration of solute on the two sides of the membrane

Question 8

how does osmosis differentiate from diffusion

Answer 8

-refers to the movement across a membrane
-low to high concentration
-includes water or solvent

Question 9

what are the similarities of osmosis and diffusion

Answer 9

both occur without the use of energy
both are cell transportation

Question 10

define tonicity

Answer 10

the capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content

Question 11

define and give the result of hypotonic solution

Answer 11

one solution has a lower concentration of solute than another (low solute:high water) resulting in water moving from the solution to inside the cell, making it grow bigger

Question 12

define and give the result of hypertonic solution

Answer 12

one solution has a higher concentration of solute than another (high solute:low water) resulting in water moving from inside the cell into the solution, making it shrink

Question 13

define and give the result of isotonic solution

Answer 13

both solution have the same concentrations of solute resulting in water moving equally in both directions and the cell remains the same size

Question 14

define non-polar molecules

Answer 14

have equal sharing of electrons among atoms

Question 15

define polar molecules

Answer 15

have unequal sharing of electrons among atoms

Question 16

define passive transport

Answer 16

cell doesn’t use energy

Question 17

define simple diffusion

Answer 17

when very small non-polar molecule have no problem going through the cell membrane, using passive transport

Question 18

define facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

the protein channels which allows larger molecules into the cell or molecules that are polar, using passive transport

Question 19

similarities of simple and facilitated diffusion diffusion

Answer 19

moves with concentration gradient
are types of diffusion
both passive

Question 20

what are the differences of simple and facilitated diffusion

Answer 20

simple diffusion does not require transport protein whereas facilitated diffusion requires a transport protein

Question 21

define active transport

Answer 21

cell uses energy (typically ATP energy), goes from low concentration to high concentration,

Question 22

define endocytosis

Answer 22

when the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs a material to bring it into the cell

Question 23

define exocytosis

Answer 23

a vesicle containing a material to be expelled fuses with the cell membrane and release the material to the external environment

Question 24

what are methods of passive transport

Answer 24

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Question 25

what are methods of active transport

Answer 25

protein pump (with ATP), endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 26

what is the importance the surface are to volume ratio

Answer 26

as surface to volume ratio gets bigger the diffusion rate gets faster

Question 27

what is the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)

Answer 27

is the amount of surface area of an object compared with its volume

Question 28

what is the main role of photosynthesis

Answer 28

to convert solar/sun energy to chemical energy to produce glucose which is the main food source for all living organisms, also provide in oxygen for respiration

Question 29

how is glucose used, where does this occur

Answer 29

glucose needs to be converted to ATP so that it can be used, this happens in the mitchondria

Question 30

what happens with excess glucose that is made in photosynthesis

Answer 30

excess glucose is stored(for a rainy day) as starch

Question 31

what is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 31

water+carbon dioxide(CO2) —sunlight–> glucose (sugar)+oxygen

Question 32

identify the main stages of photosynthesis

Answer 32

dark phase and light phase

Question 33

what is cellular respiration

Answer 33

process that uses glucose and oxygen to create usable energy in the form of ATP

Question 34

what is the equation for cellular respiration

Answer 34

glucose(sugar) +oxygen –> water+carbon dioxide+ATP

Question 35

what are the two types of energy sources

Answer 35

autotrophs and heterotrophs

Question 36

what are autotrophs and examples

Answer 36

make their own food (producing glucose) and must have chloroplast e.g. plants, things that undergo photosynthesis

Question 37

what are heterotrophs and examples

Answer 37

depend on other organisms (autotroph or heterotroph that has consumed autotroph) for food to produce glucose e.g. animals(humans), fungi, most bacteria