cell structure Flashcards
(40 cards)
what are cells
-cells are the smallest units of life
-all living things are made up of cells
-all cells come from pre-existing cells
what are the two types of cells?
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
what are prokaryotic cells?
they do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle. they include two groups: bacteria and archaea
what are eukaryotic cells?
they contain membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus. they can be single-celled or multi-celled. e.g. humans, plants, fungi and insects
define membrane
a sheet-like structure acting as a boundary or partition
define membrane-bound organelles?
organelle with special function that are separated from the rest of a cell by a membrane
what are similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
-dna
-cell membrane
-comes from pre-existing cells
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-both are cells
differentiate between pro and euk cells
pro: circular dna in nucleoid, no nucleus, simple reproduction process
euk: paired linear dna in nucleus, complex reproduction process like mitosis
differentiate between light and electron microscopes
light: colour, can see live specimen, max magnification x2000, lower resolving power
electron: no colour, can’t see live specimen, max magnification x10,000,000, higher resolving power
define magnification
appears larger and expressed in the form of x10, x50, calculated with the eyepiece multiplied by the objective lens
define microscope
technology that allows us to magnify something to a size greater than we could see with the naked eye
what is the function of nucleus?
controls cell activities sending messages
what is the function of vacuole?
storage for things like water
what is the function of chloroplast?
responsible for photosynthesis = the production of glucose
what is the function of cell wall?
holds cell in fixed shape which gives support, protects contents and limits size
what is the function of cell membrane?
separates living cell from environment, controls incoming and outgoing substances (selectively permeable), protects cell
what is the function of cytoplasm?
carries substances around cell, medium in which things travel
what is the function of ribosomes?
where proteins are created living on the ER
what is the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
involved in transport of materials in the cell (proteins) connecting cell membrane with nuclear membrane
what is the function of golgi body?
involved in sorting, storing, modification and transport of proteins
what is the function of the mitochondria?
release energy, site of respiration
what is the structure of the nucleus?
surrounded by double membrane=increase surface area (SA) so more reactions can take place. Pores=letting molecules move in and out, messages for activities
what is the structure of the vacuole?
open space allowing more storage for things like water
what is the structure of the chloroplast?
grana (stacks of membrane) have large SA to increase rate of photosynthesis