cell functions

Question 1

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

contains the DNA which codes for protein synthesis

Question 2

what is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 2

seperates the DNA from the cytoplasm

Question 3

what is the function of the nuclear pore?

Answer 3

allows transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

Question 4

what is the function of the nucleolus

Answer 4

synthesis of rRNA and ribosomes

Question 5

what is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 5

consists of 2 subunits (large and small) made from rRNA and protein

Question 6

what is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 6

protein synthesis

Question 7

structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ?

Answer 7

forms of flattened sacs (cisternae) which are continuous with the nuclear membrane and may link to the golgi body

Question 8

What is attached to the RER?

Answer 8

ribosomes

Question 9

what is the function of the RER?

Answer 9

transports proteins which are synthesised by the ribosomes attached

Question 10

how is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum different to the RER?

Answer 10

it does not contain ribosomes

Question 11

what is the function of the SER?

Answer 11

the synthesis and transport of lipids

Question 12

what is the structure of the golgi body?

Answer 12

similar the the SER+RER but is more compact

Question 13

what is the golgi body surrounded by?

Answer 13

vesicles

Question 14

modifies one, creates two and packages one

what are the 4 functions of the golgi body?

Answer 14

• chemically modifies proteins
• produces lysosomes
• produces glycoproteins
• packages proteins for secretion out of the cell

Question 15

what sort of membrane does a mitochondria have?

Answer 15

a double membrane

Question 16

what is the double membrane seperated by?

Answer 16

narrow fluid filled intermembrane space

Question 17

what does the inner membranes folds form?

Answer 17

cistrae

Question 18

what is the interior of the mitochondrion called?

Answer 18

the matrix

Question 19

type of protein

what does the matrix contain?

Answer 19

enzymes

Question 20

what organelles does the mitochondria contain?

Answer 20

DNA and ribosomes

Question 21

what is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 21

the site of aerobic respiration which synthesises ATP

Question 22

what does the cistrae increase?

Answer 22

the suface area in which part of the respiratory process takes place

Question 23

what is the structure of vesicles?

Answer 23

small membrane bound organelles

Question 24

what are the functions of vesicles?

Answer 24

acts as a contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic pressure

Question 25

structure of the plant vacuole

Answer 25

large membrane bound organelle surrounded by a tonoplast

Question 26

function of the vacuole

Answer 26

storage of ions and organic molecules

Question 27

structure of centrioles

Answer 27

consists of 2 hollow cylinders positioned at right angles to eachother

Question 28

funtion of centrioles?

Answer 28

are used in spindle formation in cell division

Question 29

structure of lysosome

Answer 29

small vacuoles formed when small portions of the golgi body are pinched off

Question 30

three functions of lysosomes

Answer 30

* contain and isolate digestive enzymes * release these enzymes and destroy organelles * division of material taken into the cell

Question 31

what sort of membrane does a chloroplast have?

Answer 31

double membrane

Question 32

what do thykaloids look like ?

Answer 32

flattened sacs

Question 33

what do many thykaloids form?

Answer 33

granums

Question 34

what forms between the grana and thykaloids?

Answer 34

lamellae

Question 35

what is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 35

site of photosynthesis

Question 36

what do the thykaloids contain?

Answer 36

chlorophyll

Question 37

what is the cell wall made of?

Answer 37

cellulose microfibrils in a polysaccharide matrix

Question 38

3 functions of the cell wall

Answer 38

* freely permeable to water * prevents osmotic lysis * provides strength and support | osmotic lysis = the cell wall bursting

Question 39

structure of the plasmodesmata

Answer 39

a narrow thread of cytoplasm that passses through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

Question 40

2 functions of plasmodesmata

Answer 40

* exchange of large organic materials * allows communication between adjacent cells