Cell Injury -1

Question 1

Define cell injury

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the two types of cell injury

Answer 2

Reversible and irreversible

Question 3

Explain reversible cell injury

Answer 3

Question 4

Does the nucleus and cell membrane undergo reversible damage

Answer 4

No, if they are damaged than only irreversibly

Question 5

What are the Hallmarks of reversible cell injury

Answer 5

Question 6

Explain irreversible injury

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the two types of cell death

Answer 7

Necrosis
Apoptosis

Question 8

Cell injury results from what

Answer 8

Question 9

List the most important targets of injurious stimuli

Answer 9

Question 10

The mechanism of reversible cell injury includes what

Answer 10

Depletion of ATP
Mitochondrial damage

Question 11

Explain depletion of ATP (include the importance of ATP)

Answer 11

Question 12

Depletion of ATP affects the function of what cellular systems

Answer 12

Question 13

Explain how does depletion of ATP affect the sodium pump and cause the cell to swell

Answer 13

Question 14

Explain how does depletion of ATP affect the cellular metabolism

Answer 14

Shifted to anaerobic metabolism - glycogen stores are depleted

Question 15

Explain how does depletion of ATP affect the calcium entry into the cell

Answer 15

I

Question 16

Explain mitochondrial damage as mechanism of reversible cell injury

Answer 16

Question 17

To increase the life of the cell what could be done

Answer 17

Decreasing the caspase enzyme

Question 18

Explain the mechanism of irreversible cell injury

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain free radical induced injury

Answer 19

Question 20

Free radicals are produced by what

Answer 20

Question 21

Free radicals cause what

Answer 21

Question 22

Give examples of physiological protective agents against free radicals (anti-oxidants)

Answer 22

Question 23

What results in oxidative stress

Answer 23

Question 24

Explain morphology of cell injury

Answer 24

Question 25

Explain morphology of cell injury

Answer 25

Question 26

What are the methods used to detect morphological changes in cell injury

Answer 26

Question 27

What two patterns can be detected under the light microscope

Answer 27

Cellular swelling and fatty changes

Question 28

Explain gross/macroscopic change

Answer 28

Question 29

What are the ultrastructural/electron microscope changes in cell injury

Answer 29

Question 30

Give examples of reversible cell injury

Answer 30

Question 31

Explain cloudy swelling

Answer 31

Question 32

What is the cause of cloudy swelling

Answer 32

The same as that of mild cell injury

Question 33

What are the organs affected in cloudy swelling

Answer 33

Heart muscle Liver cells Tubules of the kidneys

Question 34

Explain the pathogenesis of cloudy swelling

Answer 34

Question 35

What is the process of cloudy swelling

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Cloudy swelling

Question 37

Explain fatty change (fatty degeneration )

Answer 37

Accumulation one fat in non-fatty tissue

Question 38

What are the causes of fatty change

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the organs affected by fatty change

Answer 39

Mostly in organs such as liver, skeletal muscle, and heart

Question 40

Explain the pathogenesis of fatty change

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Fatty change