Cell Mediated Immunity

Question 1

What part of the T cell recognizes the antigen-MHC complex on an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

Answer 1

T cell receptor (TCR)

Question 2

Which class of MHC molecules is primarily involved in presenting antigens to CD4+ helper T cells?Allergic diseases

Answer 2

Class II MHC

Question 3

What is the crucial second signal required for full T cell activation, in addition to TCR-antigen recognition?

Answer 3

Co-stimulatory signals

Question 4

The specialized area of contact between a T cell and an APC where signaling molecules cluster

Answer 4

Immunological synapse

Question 5

Which type of T cell primarily targets and kills infected host cells displaying antigens on MHC Class I molecules?

Answer 5

Cytotoxic T cell (CD8+)

Question 6

Which of the following cytokines is a key polarizing cytokine that drives the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells?
a) IL-4
b) IL-10
c) IL-12
d) IL-17

Answer 6

IL-12

Question 7

What is the primary function of Th1 cells?

Answer 7

Activation of macrophages to destroy intracellular pathogens

Question 8

Which cytokine is characteristic of the Th2 response and plays a crucial role in stimulating B cell production of IgE antibodies?

Answer 8

IL-4

Question 9

Th2 cells are primarily involved in defense against?

Answer 9

Helminthic parasites

Question 10

Which cytokine produced by Th17 cells is important for recruiting neutrophils to sites of infection?

Answer 10

IL-17

Question 11

Th17 cells play a significant role in defending against?

Answer 11

Extracellular bacteria and fungi

Question 12

What is the primary function of Regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

Answer 12

Suppressing immune responses and maintaining tolerance

Question 13

Which transcription factor is crucial for the development and function of Treg cells?

Answer 13

FoxP3

Question 14

Which of the following cytokines is typically produced by Treg cells and has immunosuppressive effects?
a) IL-12
b) IFN-γ
c) IL-17
d) IL-10

Answer 14

IL-10

Question 15

What cell surface marker is associated with some γ/δ T cells?

Answer 15

WC1

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a key step in T cell activation?
a) Antigen recognition by TCR
b) Co-stimulatory signals
c) Antibody binding to the T cell receptor
d) Formation of the immunological synapse

Answer 16

Antibody binding to the T cell receptor

Question 17

What is the consequence of a lack of proper co-stimulatory signals during T cell antigen recognition?

Answer 17

T cell anergy or tolerance

Question 18

The primary role of Class II MHC molecules is to present?

Answer 18

Exogenous antigens to helper T cells

Question 19

Which of the following is an effector function of Th1 cells?
a) Promoting mast cell degranulation
b) Enhancing antibody class switching to IgE
c) Increasing the microbicidal activity of macrophages
d) Recruiting eosinophils

Answer 19

Increasing the microbicidal activity of macrophages

Question 20

Which of the following is an effector function of Th2 cells?
a) Activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes
b) Enhancing the killing of virus-infected cells
c) Promoting the expulsion of helminths
d) Suppressing T cell proliferation

Answer 20

Promoting the expulsion of helminths

Question 21

Which of the following is an effector function of Th17 cells?
a) Enhancing phagocytosis by macrophages
b) Promoting the production of antiviral antibodies
c) Recruiting neutrophils to sites of fungal infection
d) Suppressing inflammation

Answer 21

Recruiting neutrophils to sites of fungal infection

Question 22

The balance between Th1 and Th2 responses can influence the outcome of an infection. A dominant Th1 response is typically more effective against:
a) Extracellular bacteria
b) Helminthic parasites
c) Intracellular pathogens
d) Allergens

Answer 22

Intracellular pathogens

Question 23

A dominant Th2 response is often associated with:
a) Clearance of viral infections
b) Control of intracellular bacterial growth
c) Allergic diseases
d) Effective anti-tumor immunity

Answer 23

Allergic diseases

Question 24

The development of different Th cell subsets is primarily determined by:
a) The type of antigen encountered
b) The class of MHC molecule presenting the antigen
c) The cytokine milieu present during T cell activation
d) The specific TCR expressed by the naive T cell

Answer 24

The cytokine milieu present during T cell activation

Question 25

Which of the following cytokines is NOT typically associated with promoting inflammation? a) TNFα b) IL-1 c) IL-10 d) IL-6

Answer 25

IL-10

Question 26

The primary role of adhesion molecules in the immunological synapse is to: a) Present antigen to the TCR b) Deliver co-stimulatory signals c) Stabilize the interaction between the T cell and APC d) Release cytokines

Answer 26

Stabilize the interaction between the T cell and APC

Question 27

γ/δ T cells can recognize antigens in a manner that is often?

Answer 27

MHC-independent or involves non-classical MHC molecules

Question 28

Which of the following is a key effector molecule produced by Th1 cells that enhances macrophage activity? a) IL-4 b) IL-5 c) IFN-γ d) IL-17

Answer 28

IFN-γ

Question 29

Treg cells can suppress immune responses by?

Answer 29

Secreting immunosuppressive cytokines like IL-10 and TGFβ

Question 30

The γ/δ T cells are thought to play a role in: a) Primarily adaptive immune responses against specific pathogens b) Both innate and adaptive immunity, with rapid responses to stress signals and pathogens c) Solely in the suppression of immune responses d) Only in the development of allergic reactions

Answer 30

Both innate and adaptive immunity, with rapid responses to stress signals and pathogens

Question 31

The differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into specific Th subsets is a process known as: a) Clonal selection b) Affinity maturation c) T cell polarization d) Isotype switching

Answer 31

T cell polarization