Hypersensitivities

Question 1

Pathologic lesions triggered by immune responses are called?

Answer 1

Hypersensitivities

Question 2

The classification of hypersensitivity reactions into four types was primarily established by?

Answer 2

Gell and Coombs

Question 3

Type I hypersensitivity is also known as ___________

Answer 3

Immediate or IgE-mediated allergic reactions

Question 4

Which antibody isotype is primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 4

IgE

Question 5

The release of inflammatory mediators in Type I hypersensitivity is primarily from?

Answer 5

Mast cells and basophils

Question 6

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening example of which type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 6

Type I

Question 7

Urticaria (hives) in atopic dermatitis is primarily mediated by the release of?

Answer 7

Histamine

Question 8

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that increased allergic diseases are linked to?

Answer 8

Alterations in Western diets and environmental cleanliness

Question 9

Type II hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by which antibody isotypes?

Answer 9

IgG and IgM

Question 10

In Type II hypersensitivity, antibodies bind to antigens located on?

Answer 10

Cell surfaces or extracellular matrix

Question 11

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is an example of?

Answer 11

Type II hypersensitivity

Question 12

Blood transfusion reactions due to mismatched blood types are primarily mediated by?

Answer 12

IgG and IgM antibodies against red blood cell antigens

Question 13

Type III hypersensitivity is characterized by tissue damage resulting from?

Answer 13

The deposition of immune complexes

Question 14

Immune complexes in Type III hypersensitivity activate the?

Answer 14

Classical complement pathway

Question 15

Common sites of immune complex deposition in Type III hypersensitivity

Answer 15

Small arteries, renal glomeruli, and joint synovium

Question 16

The Arthus reaction is an example of?

Answer 16

Localized Type III hypersensitivity

Question 17

Type IV hypersensitivity is also known as?

Answer 17

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

Question 18

The primary mediators of tissue injury in Type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 18

T lymphocytes

Question 19

The tuberculin response is a classic example of?

Answer 19

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 20

In Type IVa hypersensitivity, tissue damage is primarily mediated by?

Answer 20

Activated macrophages

Question 21

Contact dermatitis, such as from poison ivy, is an example of which subtype of Type IV hypersensitivity?

Answer 21

IVa

Question 22

Type IVc hypersensitivity reactions involve direct killing of target cells by?

Answer 22

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

Question 23

Which subtype of Type IV hypersensitivity involves T cell-mediated neutrophilic inflammation?

Answer 23

IVd

Question 24

Intradermal skin testing is a diagnostic method commonly used for?

Answer 24

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 25

Cross-matching is a critical step to prevent?

Answer 25

Blood transfusion reactions (Type II hypersensitivity)

Question 26

The late-phase reaction in eczema is associated with?

Answer 26

Inflammation and T cell infiltration

Question 27

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example of?

Answer 27

Type II hypersensitivity  

Question 28

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves the formation and deposition of?

Answer 28

Immune complexes (Type III hypersensitivity)

Question 29

Graft rejection is primarily mediated by?

Answer 29

T cell-mediated hypersensitivity (Type IV)