Cell Membrane Flashcards
What is dehydration synthesis?
Chemical reactions take place in your cells to build bonds between atoms and molecules in order to make bigger macromolecules. Ex. Building proteins or cell membranes.
What is Hydrolysis Reaction?
Chemical reactions take place in your cells to break bonds between atoms of macromolecules to return them back to their smaller building blocks. Ex. Breaking down a carbohydrate to monosaccharides indigestion for energy use or to break down proteins to amino acids for protein synthesis in cells.
What is the definition of Semi-permeable?
Only objects coated in the bubble solution can pass the membrane (only material with certain properties are able to pass the membrane-lipid soluble).
What is the cell membrane structure?
Two layers (phospholipid bilayer). Orientation due to polarity. Lipid Bilayer is fluid rather than solid. Polar heads- face internal and external environments because they like water (hydrophilic). Nonpolar tails- shielded from environments because they do not like water (hydrophobic).
What are Peripheral proteins?
Attached to the surface of the membrane (interior and exterior). They play a role in holding adjoining cells together to create tissues, act as signals or receptors.
What are Integral proteins?
Embedded in the bilayer, exposed to both inside the cell and the outside environment. They form channels or pores for certain molecules to pass in passive and active transport.
What is the role of cholesterol (another lipid)?
Embedded in the bilayer to provide stability and regulate membrane fluidity. Regulates how much things can move back and forth in the membrane.
What is cellular homeostasis?
Nutrients and waste must pass the cell membrane. Cells need to take in nutrients and dispose of the waste they produce.
What can pass through a cell membrane?
Molecules that are lipid-soluble (can dissolve). Non-polar/uncharged.
What can’t pass through a cell membrane?
Molecules that are lipid insoluble (can’t dissolve). Polar/charged (repelled). Big Molecules.
What is passive transport?
Substances pass the cell membrane without any added energy from high to low concentration (down the gradient). Type of membrane transport that doesn’t use energy.
What are three types of passive transport?
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and Osmosis.
What is diffusion?
The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water. When a solvent (water) passes through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated Diffusion is molecules are assisted across the membrane by carrier proteins and ion channel proteins; molecules that are too big, insoluble, or charged.
