Cell Metabolism

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

nomral chemical reactions in body

Question 2

how energy moves in metabolism pathway

Answer 2

Big molecules in food

Tiny molecules in cells and ATP and heat

Big molecules in body

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

Question 4

gibbs free energy for ATP

Answer 4

-31

Question 5

ligation requiring ATP cleavage

Answer 5

form a covalent bond with enegry from ATP hydrolysis

Question 6

group transfer

Answer 6

move a FUNCRIONAL GROUP across molecules

Question 7

Why called the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Answer 7

Because citric acid, the 1st molecule formed has 3 COOH groups

Question 8

Why is it the Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 8

Citric acid is the molecule formed when 4C oxaloacetate bonds to 2C acetate

Question 10

protein metabolism

Answer 10

AA->NH4+->urea

Question 11

3 parts of respiration

Answer 11

Glycolysis - pyruavate made adn NADH

TAC - NADH is made and substrate level phosphorylation makes ATP

Oxidative phosdphorylation - ATP and O2 is reduced to water

Question 12

glucose combustion vs metabolism

Answer 12

high vs low Ea(s)

many vs few reactions

none vs enzymes

energy released as heat vs (heat and) ATP

high temp vs lower body temp

Question 13

nucleoside triphosphate

Answer 13

nucleotide

Question 14

nucleoside

Answer 14

base, sugar

Question 15

nucleotide

Answer 15

base, sugar, phosphate

Question 16

beri beri

Answer 16

Vitamin B deficinecy

Question 17

role of Lactate Dehydrogeanse

Answer 17

opposite to rest of repsiration becuase process is reductive

pyruvate REDUCED into lactate

NADH->NAD+

Question 18

free energy

Answer 18

energy stored in a system

that can be released

to do useful work

Question 19

respiration vs metsabolism

Answer 19

onkly catabolic vs catabolic and anabolic

Question 20

protein anabolism

Answer 20

transcription and translation

Question 21

which reactions require ATP lysis

Answer 21

anabolic

Question 22

how do anabolic reactions obey 2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 22

Although entropy of system decreases, the entropy of the surroundings increases by an even bigger fsactor to give DeltaS-

Question 23

which reactions release energy

Answer 23

catabolic

Question 24

by which substance are enzymes in glycolysis inhibited

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

by which substance are enzymes in glycolysis activated

Answer 25

ADP

Question 26

why are there inhibitory pathways in respiration

Answer 26

so you dont make too much ATP because it is too unstable due to high energy phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 27

type of inhibition provided by ATP

Answer 27

non competitive too small to be a substrate analogue

Question 28

type of activation provided by ADP

Answer 28

non competitive

Question 29

allosteric

Answer 29

non competitive

Question 30

what can pyruvate be converted into, ANAEROBC?

Answer 30

ANAEROBIC: ethanol and CO2 by pyruvate decarboxylase or lactic acid by pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 31

6 metabolic reactions

Answer 31

HAGILO **_Hydrolysis_** Addition or removal of groups Group transfer Isomerisation Ligation involving ATP cleavage Oxidartion reductiion

Question 32

pyruvate decarboxylase

Answer 32

converts pyruvate into ethanol and CO2 NADH-\>NAD+

Question 33

what can pyruvate be converted into, AEROBIC

Answer 33

AEROBIC: acetate by pyrvuate dehydrogenase

Question 34

number opf steps in glycolysis

Answer 34

1o

Question 35

what is thge difference between group removal and group transfer

Answer 35

has group travelled between 2 molecules? Y - GT N - GR

Question 37

group add/rem definition

Answer 37

when group is added it is onto a double bond when group is removed a single bond is formed

Question 38

glyc

Answer 38

greek for sugar

Question 39

which enzyme splits fructose bishphosphate

Answer 39

aldose

Question 40

enyme to make fructose bisphosphate

Answer 40

phosphofructokinase

Question 42

work pout enzyme name

Answer 42

1 TYPE OF REACTION(S) 2 NAME OF SUBSTRATE

Question 43

why is fuctose 1,6 phosphate made in glycolysis?

Answer 43

Unstbale compound with high free energy symmetrical so can be split into 2 mimilar 3C molecules

Question 44

which is the first commited step of glycolysis

Question 45

why is phosphorylation of glucose not foirsy commited step of glycolysis

Answer 45

can also be used for glycogen synthesis pathway

Question 46

enzymopathy

Answer 46

enzyme disease enzyme deficiency

Question 47

problem with muscles stores of ATP

Answer 47

only enough for 1s of contraction - oo little

Question 48

what does PCR system do

Answer 48

buffer ATP concentrations Phosphoprylation of ADP using PI off PCr catalysed by creatine kinase

Question 49

Different systems to provide ATP in excercise

Answer 49

muscle store pcr anaerobic aerobic

Question 50

where does link reaction occur

Answer 50

mitochondria

Question 51

acetyl coa structure

Answer 51

acetyl is R-C=0=R acetyl coa has R as methyl and other R very similar to a nucleotide with sulfur

Question 52

whst does brain respire

Answer 52

glucose

Question 53

what enzyme does Vitamin B assist

Answer 53

pyruvate dehydrogenase to make acetate

Question 54

what happens if there is no VitB

Answer 54

no acetate can be formed, so very little energy