Cell Modification

Question 1

Newly formed cells are structurally modified so that
they can perform their function efficiently and effectively.

Answer 1

Cell Modification

Question 2

When does cell modification occur?

Answer 2

After cell division.

Question 3

Type of Modifications

Answer 3

Apical

Lateral

Basal

Question 4

Found on the ___ surface of the cell.

Occurs mostly in epithelial cells.

Answer 4

Apical Modifications

Question 5

(SAM)
Secretion
Absorption
Movement of Luminal Contents

Locomotion
Sensing pH
In some organisms, ingestion.

Answer 5

Apical Modifications

Question 6

Found on the ___ surface of the cell for anchorage and/or attachment.

Answer 6

Basal Modifications

Question 7

Function for intercellular connections with the adjacent/neighboring cells.

Answer 7

Lateral Modifications

Question 8

Apical Structures:

Answer 8

a. Villi/Microvilli
b. Pseudopods
c. Cilia
d. Flagella
e. Root hair

Question 9

Lateral Structures:

Answer 9

a. Tight Junctions
b. Adherens/Adhering Junction
c. Gap Junction

Question 10

Basal Structures:

Answer 10

a. Desmosomes
b. Hemidesmosomes
c. Basal infoldings

Question 11

Brush, Finger-like cytoplasmic extensions

Answer 11

Villi/Microvilli

Question 12

Increases Surface Area of Absorption for Nutrients in the Small Intestines

Answer 12

Villi/Microvilli

Question 13

In the villi, blood capillaries absorb what?

Answer 13

Glucose and Amino Acids

Question 14

In the villi, lacteal is used for absorbing what?

Answer 14

Fatty acids and Glycerol

Question 15

Rapid back-and-forth movement.

Answer 15

Cilia

Question 16

Made up of Microtubules (Axoneme, Central Core).

Connected to a basal body and extends from
the free surface.

Answer 16

Cilia

Question 17

Function of Cilia

Answer 17

Paramecium and Balantidium (Protozoa Locomotion)

Mammalian Oviduct (Egg Travel)

Respiratory Tract (Cleaning Debris)

Question 18

Short hair-like Projections

Answer 18

Cilia

Question 19

Surface of Primary and Secondary Roots in Plant Roots

10 Micrometers and Long tubular-shaped.

Answer 19

Root Hair

Question 20

Nutrient Acquisition in Plants (Increase Absorption through Surface Area), Anchorage, and Microbe Interaction

Answer 20

Root Hair

Question 21

Two cells stacked together.

Answer 21

Tight Junctions

Question 22

Two proteins called claudins and occludins.

Answer 22

Tight Junctions

Question 23

Regulates passage of ions, water, and macromolecules. Avoids leakage.

Skin, blood vessels, cavities, bladder and intestines.

Answer 23

Tight Junctions

Question 24

Below tight junctions.

Answer 24

Adherens Junction

Question 25

Makes sure cells are stable anchored to cadherin receptors in epithelial (closely-packed) tissues.

Answer 25

Adherens Junction

Question 26

Has cadherin receptors that bridge neighboring plasma membranes

Answer 26

Adherens Junction

Question 27

"Plasmodesmata" of Animal Cell, allowing of fast passage of electrical signals through connection.

Answer 27

Gap Junction

Question 28

Composed of two connexons, also known as hemichannels. Epithelia, nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth muscle (such as that of the intestines).

Answer 28

Gap Junction

Question 29

Cell-Cell Junction

Answer 29

Desmosomes

Question 30

Cadherins in the plasma membrane connect to intermediate filaments.

Answer 30

Desmosomes

Question 31

"Stretch" due to mechanical strength because of complexity or tensile strength (stress release).

Answer 31

Desmosomes

Question 32

"Filter", regulates ions as a passage. These increase surface area for ion transport in the mitochondria.

Answer 32

Basal Infoldings

Question 33

Attaches the cell to the basement membrane (only one attached). Consists of integrin for Mechanical Integrity.

Answer 33

Hemidesmosomes

Question 34

Legs of Amoeba made up of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Locomotion, Sensing, and Ingestion

Answer 34

Pseuodopods

Question 35

Tail-like Projections

Answer 35

Flagella

Question 36

Nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two central microtubules

Answer 36

Flagella

Question 37

Used for locomotion such as the sperm cells, mastigophora, and gametes of algae, fungi, mosses, and slime molds.

Answer 37

Flagella

Question 38

Only Flagellated Cell in Human Body?

Answer 38

Sperm Cell