CELL MODIFICATION Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the term for the specialized or re-acquired modifications by a cell after cell division that help the cell in different beneficial ways?
Cell modification
What is the term for cell modifications found on the apical surface of the cell?
Apical modification
What are the short, hair-like structures that move in waves, are found in the lungs, and are associated with respiratory functions?
Cilia
What are the long, whip-like structures used for cell movement, such as in sperm cells?
Flagella
What are the finger-like projections that arise from the epithelial layer in some organs, helping to increase surface area for faster and more efficient absorption?
Villi
What are the smaller projections that arise from the cell’s surface, increasing surface area to allow for faster and more efficient absorption?
Microvilli
What are the temporary, irregular lobes formed by amoebas and some other eukaryotic cells used for movement and capturing food?
Pseudopods
What are the temporary, irregular lobes that bulge outward to move the cell or engulf prey in amoebas and some other eukaryotic cells?
Pseudopods
What is the compound secreted by the cell on its apical surface to form a structural network outside the cell?
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
What is the extracellular structure in plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells?
Cell wall
What is the main ingredient of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?
Glycoproteins
What is the term for cell modifications found on the basal surface of the cell?
Basal modification
What are the anchoring junctions on the basal surface of the cell that form rivet-like links between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components, such as the basal lamina, and are primarily composed of keratin, integrins, and cadherins?
Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
What is the term for cell modifications found on the side or lateral surface of the cell?
Lateral modification
What is the cell junction that acts as a barrier to regulate the movement of water and solutes between epithelial layers and prevents leakage of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Tight junctions
What are the anchoring junctions on the lateral surface of the cell, similar to those on the basal surface, that fasten cells to one another?
Adhering junctions
What are the closable channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining animal cells, known as communicating junctions, and allow direct exchange of chemicals between the cytoplasm of two cells through connexons?
Gap junctions
