Cell Organelle FUnctions

Question 1

Nuclear Pore

Answer 1

opening embedded with proteins that regulates passage into and out of the nucleus

Question 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

system of internal membranes that aids in the manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids

Question 3

ribosomes

Answer 3

small complexes of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis

Question 4

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

internal membranes studded with ribosomes that carry out protien synthesis

Question 5

Golgi Complex

Answer 5

collects, packages, and distributes molecules in the cell

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

vesicle (storage compartment) that breaks down macromolecules and digests worn out cell components

Question 7

Plasma Membrane or Cell Membrance

Answer 7

surround the cell and determines what goes in and out of cell

Has a lipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Organelle in which energy is extracted from food during oxidative metabolism, Breaks down glucose and makes ATP
Where cellular respiration takes place

Question 9

cytoplasm

Answer 9

matrix to hold all cell parts

Question 10

cytoskeleton

Answer 10

supports organelles and cell shape and plays a role in cell motion

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

command center of the cell

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

site where ribosomes are produced\

Question 13

Nuclear Envolope

Answer 13

double membrane between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 14

The cell membrane is composed of:

Answer 14

lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 15

What are the predominant lipids of the cell membrane

Answer 15

phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 16

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 16

This model suggests that the cell membrane is neither rigid not static in structure but is highly flexible and can change its shape and composition through time

Question 17

The fluid nature of the lipid bilayer enables____.

Answer 17

Membranes to fuse with one another

Question 18

Prokaryotes and examples

Answer 18

a cell that does not have a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Examples are bacteria and archaea

Question 19

Eukaryotes and examples

Answer 19

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 20

Diffusion

Answer 20

the net movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to relatively low concentration

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

the net diffusion of water across a membrane

Question 22

Active transport

Answer 22

the high energy bond in ATP to provide the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane

Question 23

Passive Transport

Answer 23

Movement of ions and molecules across the plasma membrane without energy expenditure by the cell

Question 24

Active Process/ Transport

Answer 24

require that the cell expend energy usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 25

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 25

brings in specific particles using specific receptor sites on the membrane

Question 26

3 types of Endocytosis

Answer 26

Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and Receptor Mediated endocytosis

Question 27

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 27

Three sodium ions are pumped out of the cell while two potassium ions are moved into the cell

Question 28

Exocytosis occurs where?

Answer 28

Golgi Apparatus

Question 29

Exocytosis

Answer 29

a vesicle created on the inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and discharges its contents into the extra cellular environment

Question 30

Anabolisim

Answer 30

the energy requiring processes that allow for joining of small molecules to form larger molecules (building up)

Question 31

Catabolism

Answer 31

the energy releasing processes by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules (tearing down)

Question 32

Metobolism

Answer 32

the sum of all chemical reaction that occur in the body

Question 33

exchange pump

Answer 33

when an ion moves in one direction and another moves in opposite direction this carrier protein is called this

Question 34

Phagocytosis

Answer 34

cell "eating"/ produces vesicles fuses with lysosomes where upon its contents are digested by lysosomal enzymes

Question 35

pinocytosis

Answer 35

the formation of endosome filled with extracellular fluid and then deep groove or pocket forms off the cell membrane and then "pinches" off (Cell Drinking)

Question 36

Phospholipid are the main component of what?

Answer 36

Cell membrane

Question 37

Ion pumps

Answer 37

actively transport the cations sodium,potassium,calcium and magnesium across the cell membranes

Question 38

Direction of amino acids in ion pump

Answer 38

Out

Question 39

Direction of charged ions in ion pump

Answer 39

IN

Question 40

Isotonic

Answer 40

If a solution does not cause an osmotic flow of water into or out of a cell

Question 41

Filtration

Answer 41

hydrostatic pressure forcing water across a membrane and solute molecules may be transported with the water

Question 42

hypertonic

Answer 42

cell losing water by osmosis causing it to shrivel

Question 43

hypotonic

Answer 43

water will flow into cell causing it to swell up

Question 44

Purpose of Cholesterol in cell membrane is

Answer 44

maintain membranes integrity and decreasing fluidity

Question 45

tonicity

Answer 45

the effects of various osmotic solution on cells\

Question 46

Osmolarity/Osmotic Concentration

Answer 46

the total solute concentration in aqueous solution

Question 47

Interphase and Stage #

Answer 47

DNA is replicated cell prepares for mitosis Stage # 1

Question 48

Prophase and Stage #

Answer 48

chromatin condenses making chromosomes visible Stage # 2

Question 49

prometaphase and Stage #

Answer 49

Nuclear envelope breaks down Stage # 3

Question 50

Metaphase and Stage #

Answer 50

the chromosomes become aligned at the equatorial plane Stage #4

Question 51

Anaphase and Stage #

Answer 51

sister chromatids separate and resultant daughter chromosomes move towards poles Stage #5

Question 52

Telophase and Stage Number

Answer 52

Daughter chromosomes reach the poles and form new nuclei Stage # 6

Question 53

1st Cell Cycle Stages G1:

Answer 53

Growth

Question 54

2nd Cell Cycle Stages S:

Answer 54

DNA Synthesis

Question 55

3rd Cell Cycle Stage G2:

Answer 55

Growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 56

4th Cell Cycle Stage M:

Answer 56

Mitosis (Cell Division)

Question 57

Glucose +Oxygen-->

Answer 57

Carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 58

ADP + P-->

Answer 58

ATP

Question 59

Anabolism end products

Answer 59

Biosynthesis of protiens lipids and polysaccharides

Question 60

Catabolism end products

Answer 60

oxidation of glucose and fats

Question 61

Reductive energy requiring

Answer 61

Anabolism

Question 62

Oxidative energy yeailding

Answer 62

catabolism

Question 63

in a Phospholipid bilayer the Head is?

Answer 63

Hydrophillic (water loving)

Question 64

in a Phospholipid bilayer the tail is?

Answer 64

Hydrophobic (water hating)

Question 65

Lipid fucntions

Answer 65

Insulate and protect, Regulate processes hormones Compose plasma membranes,energy storage, secondary energy source

Question 66

Cytosol

Answer 66

cellular fluid (mainly water) with dissolved protiens,salts, sugars, and other solutes

Question 67

cytoplasm

Answer 67

cytosol and cellular membranes

Question 68

ICF

Answer 68

Intracellular fluid/fluid inside cell

Question 69

2/3 of what is in the bodys ICF?

Answer 69

H20

Question 70

ECF

Answer 70

Extracellular fluid/ fluid outside the cell

Question 71

3 types of ECF

Answer 71

Interstitial-fluid between/around cells Intravascular-fluid in blood vessels Transcellular-CSF,Synovial fluid etc

Question 72

1/3 of bodys H20 is where?

Answer 72

ECF

Question 73

Modern cell theory has two basic tenets:

Answer 73

All cells only come from other cells (the principle of biogenesis). Cells are the fundamental units of organisms.