cell Organelles Flashcards
(14 cards)
Golgi body
Flattened membranous bags stacked on top of eachother
Modify and package proteins in vesicles which are pinches from its membranes
What is cytoplasm?
Thick fluid within the cell membrane and all the structures suspended in it. Cytosol is the liquid part of the cytoplasm: 75-90% water.
What is a vesicle?
A membrane-bound sac that transports materials into, out of, or within the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
The outer boundary of the cell that separates it from neighbouring cells and the external environment. Made up of a double layer of lipid molecules and associated proteins.
What is the function and structure of the Golgi body?
Modify proteins and package them in vesicles for secretion from the cell.
What are mitochondria?
Spherical or elongated structures that release energy for the cell through the process of respiration.
What are centrioles?
A pair of cylindrical structures usually located near the nucleus; involved in the reproduction of the cell.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Pairs of parallel membranes extending through the cytoplasm, connecting the cell membrane with the nuclear membrane.
Provides a surface where chemical reactions can occur and the channels between paired membranes are used for storage or transport of materials
Rough ER: ribosomes attatched
Smooth ER: No ribosomes attached
What are ribosomes?
Very small and spherical; amino acids are joined together at the ribosomes to make proteins.
What is the nucleus?
Usually ovoid or spherical; contains the genetic material, mostly DNA, separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane.
What is the nucleolus?
Composed mainly of RNA; suspended in a jelly-like nucleoplasm.
What is the cytoskeleton?
Consists of microfilaments and microtubules that give the cell its shape and assist the movement of materials, organelles, or the whole cell.
What are lysosomes?
Small spheres that contain enzymes able to break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates.
What are inclusions?
Substances that are not part of the cell structure but are found in the cytoplasm, e.g., haemoglobin in red blood cells.
