Cell Organelles Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the nuclear envelope?
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
What is chromatin?
A complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Convert food into energy
Has double membrane
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What type of DNA is found in mitochondria?
Mitochondrial (maternal) DNA
What gas do mitochondria consume and produce?
Consumes Oxygen, produces CO₂
What are nucleotides?
Molecules that carry chemical energy from hydrolyzed phosphoanhydride bonds
What is coenzyme A (CoA)?
A coenzyme formed from nucleotides
What is cyclic AMP used for?
Acting as a signaling molecule
What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Site where cell membrane and exported material is made
What do ribosomes on the rough ER do?
Make proteins
What is the smooth ER responsible for?
Synthesis of lipids
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Receives, modifies, and directs new materials
What is the function of lysosomes?
Intracellular digestion ,release nutrients and breakdown of waste
What do peroxisomes generate and degrade?
Hydrogen peroxide
What is cytosol?
A water-based gel where chemical reactions occur
What are the components of the cytoskeleton?
Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Movement of organelles and strengthening the cell
What are vesicles used for?
Material transport within the cell
Where do vesicles derive from?
Membrane, ER, Golgi
