Organic Molecules Of Cells Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the four main types of organic molecules in cells?
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids
These organic molecules are essential for various cellular functions.
What are proteins primarily used for in cells?
Structure, function, and information
Proteins play a crucial role in nearly all biological processes.
What are proteins made of?
Linearly arranged amino acid residues
Folded up with active regions
The sequence of amino acids determines the protein’s structure and function.
What is the most diverse and complex macromolecule in the cell?
Proteins
They perform a wide range of functions within biological systems.
Name one type of protein and its function.
Enzymes - catalyzes covalent bond breakage or formation
Enzymes are crucial for facilitating biochemical reactions.
What is the function of structural proteins?
Provide support and shape to cells and tissues
Examples include collagen, elastin, and keratin.
What do motility proteins do?
Facilitate movement within cells
Examples include actin, myosin, and tubulin.
What is the role of regulatory proteins?
Bind to DNA to switch genes on or off
These proteins are essential for gene expression regulation.
Fill in the blank: _______ encode genetic information for the synthesis of all proteins.
Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA are the primary types of nucleic acids.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis.
What is the composition of the plasma membrane?
Plasma membrane encloses cell and organelles
## Footnote
This unique arrangement contributes to the membrane’s semi-permeability.
What is the structure of the cell membrane referred to as?
Lipid bilayer
Semi permeable and fluid like
The lipid bilayer is essential for membrane integrity and function.
What stabilizes the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
Sterols, such as cholesterol
Cholesterol helps maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
What is the function of integral proteins in the plasma membrane?
Interact with the lipid bilayer for transport and signaling
They include passive transport pores, channels and active transport pumps, receptors.
True or False: The cell membrane is completely impermeable.
False
The cell membrane is semi-permeable, allowing selective passage of substances.
What type of proteins are involved in transporting small molecules or ions?
Transport proteins
These proteins are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
What are special purpose proteins? Give an example.
Proteins with unique functions, e.g., green fluorescent protein
These proteins often have specialized roles in research and biotechnology.
