Cell organelles and cell theory

Question 1

What is cell theory?

Answer 1

• All organisms are composed of
  one or more cells.
• Cells are the basic unit of life
  and structure.
• New cells are created from pre-
  existing cells

Question 2

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells are simple and made of only one cell (unicellular), they are smaller, lack membrane bound organelles, circular DNA. Whereas Eukaryotic cells are highly more complex, can be either unicellular or multicellular, contain membrane bound organelles, DNA (linear) stored in nucleus.

Question 3

Cell wall

Answer 3

The cell wall is only found in plant cells and all prokaryotes. The cell wall gives structure and support.

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

The cell membrane is found in all cells. The cell membrane is a semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer which controls the entry and exit of molecules.

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

The Cytoplasm is found in all cells and is a jelly like fluid that is contained inside the cell.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

The nucleus is found in only eukaryotic cells. The nucleus contains and stores the DNA in cell.

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum both smooth and rough.

Answer 7

The rough Endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes, which synthesis and transports proteins, whereas the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Ribosomes are found in all cells, and creates new proteins required for cell.

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

The mitochondria is only found in eukaryotic cells and is the powerhouse of the cell. The mitochondria produces energy (ATP) for the cell from glucose through aerobic respiration.

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Lysosomes are found in eukaryotic cells, their role is to break down worn out cell components.

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

The vacuole is found in eukaryotic cells, they have the role of storing water. Plant cells have larger vacuoles, and animal cells have smaller and temporary vacuoles.

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

The Golgi apparatus is found in eukaryotic cells and it is in charge or packaging and transporting proteins to various areas in the cell.

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

The chloroplast is found in plant cells and not in animal cells. The chloroplast is where photosynthesis takes place.

Question 14

Levels of organisation

Answer 14

Cells, tissues, organ, organ system, organism

Question 15

unicellular vs multicellular

Answer 15

Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only, whereas multicellular organisms are made of multiple cells.