Cell Parts

Question 0

Ribosomes

Answer 0

Structure:
Parts made in the nucleolus, found throughout the cytoplasm
3 types - free floating, attached to RER, and associated with mitochondria

Function:
Help put together proteins

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Structure:
Thin, pliable, phospholipid bilayers embedded with proteins
Other proteins may include glycoproteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol.

Function:

1. Regulate molecular traffic
2. Are staging areas for interactions between cells
3. Play a role in energy transformation

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Structure:
Material between nucleic acids and plasma membranes
Contains dissolved materials

Function:
Site of some chemical reactions, surrounds and supports organelles

Question 3

Nucleic Acids

Answer 3

DNA: found in nucleus or nucleoid region
RNA: all 3 types for protein synthesis

Question 4

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 4

No nuclear compartments
No membrane - bound compartments
Archaebacteria and eubacteria are prokaryotic organisms

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 5

Do have membrane bound nuclei
Have membrane-bound internal compartments
Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are eukaryotic organisms

Question 6

Cell Wall

Answer 6

In a prokaryotic cell

Structure: polysaccharide rigid structure surrounding cell membrane

Function: maintains the overall shape of a bacterial cell, provides support for the cell, limits cell volume, passively restricts water flow into and out of the cell

Question 7

Capsule

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cell

Structure: slime layer made up of polysaccharides

Function: provides protection against drying, immune system attacks, and may trap other cells for “feeding”

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

Prokaryotic

Structure: corkscrew like structure made of protein

Function:
spins about its axis like a propeller
pushes bacterium along

Question 9

Pili

Answer 9

Prokaryotic

Structure: hollow hair like structures made of protein

Function: help bacteria adhere to one another during mating and also to host cells

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Eukaryotic

Structure:

• largest organelle
• surrounded by a porous double membrane called the nuclear envelope*

Function: directs cellular activity through protein coding

Question 11

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 11

Separates the nuclear material within from the cytoplasm without and allows RNA, proteins, and water to move in or out

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

Eukaryotic

Structure: dense area within nucleus

Function: ribosomal subunits constructed here

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Eukaryotic

Structure: sausage shaped organelle surrounded by a double membrane
Smooth outer membrane and highly folded inner membrane (increases surface area for energy releasing reactions)
Folds = cristae

Function: glucose is transformed into ATP, energt

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

Eukaryotic

Structure: network of tubes (SER) and flattened sacs (RER) - continuous with outer nuclear membrane

Function: ER plays a role in transport and is the site of protein production and modification

Question 15

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

Eukaryotic

Structure: a system of flattened membrane bound sacs, studded with ribosomes

Function: synthesizes proteins

Question 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

Eukaryotic

Structure: a system of tubes

Function: synthesizes phospholipids, packages macromolecules in vesicles for transport to the other parts of the cell

Question 17

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 17

Eukaryotic

Structure: series of stacked flattened sacs

Function: store, modify, and package proteins for delivery

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

Eukaryotic

Structure: membrane bound vesicle

Function: contain and transport digestive enzymes that break down cell components

Question 19

Peroxisomes

Answer 19

Eukaryotic

Structure: membrane bound vesicle

Function: contain enzymes, such as catalase, to break down harmful chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxides

Question 20

Vacuoles

Answer 20

Eukaryotic

Structure: large, fluid-filled vesicles surrounded by a single membrane

Function: store wastes, keep wastes away fro the rest of the cell while at the same time providing organism with a defense mechanism
Store water and provide turgor or stiffness which supports against gravity
May also store food/pigments/toxins

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Eukaryotic

Structure: network of 3 kinds of fibres

• microtubules
• microfilaments
• intermediate filaments

Function: helps cell maintain its shape, anchors organelles, and causes cell movement

Question 22

Microtubules

Answer 22

In the cytoskeleton

Structure: long, hollow cylinders made of protein Tubulin

Function: form flagella, cilia, spindle apparatus centrioles, tracks for organelle movement

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

In cytoskeleton

Structure: thin rod-like structures made of the protein actin

Function: allow cytoplasmic streaming
allow phagocytosis and furrowing actions

Question 24

Intermediate filaments

Answer 24

In cytoskeleton Structure: only in multicellular organisms Made of protein fibers organized into tough rope-like assemblages Function: help maintain organelle positions, stabilize the cell, and maintain cell rigidity

Question 25

Plastids

Answer 25

Function: storage molecules Structure: two major types exist - leucoplasts which are colorless - chromoplasts which contain colorful pigments

Question 26

Amyloplasts

Answer 26

A type of leucoplast that store starch granules Stain a purple colour using iodine or Lugol's solution

Question 27

Chloroplasts

Answer 27

A plastid (synthesize or store food) Gives green plant their colour Photosynthesis

Question 28

Other chromoplasts

Answer 28

Contain red, yellow, and orange pigments - can be found in the petals and fruits of angiosperms to aid in pollination and seed dispersal

Question 29

Centrosome

Answer 29

Organelle located near the nucleus Organizes microtubules

Question 30

Vacuole

Answer 30

Large membrane bound fluid filled sac Storage of food water or waste

Question 31

Cilia

Answer 31

Short cylindrical projections Produce a wave like motion to move cell around