Macromolecules

Question 0

Inorganic compounds

Answer 0

Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate

Question 1

Organic Compounds

Answer 1

Contain both carbon and hydrogen

Include: carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 2

Polymers

Answer 2

Large molecules made up of repeating units. Example: glucose

Question 3

Monomers

Answer 3

Individual building blocks in polymers. Example: starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

All the reactions that take place within a cell

Question 5

Anabolism

Answer 5

The reactions that build up structures

Question 6

Catabolism

Answer 6

The reactions that break down structures (enzyme digestion)

Question 7

Hydrophobic/lipophilic

Answer 7

Water fearing, fat loving.

Oils. Non polar.

Question 8

Hydrophilic/lipophobic

Answer 8

Water loving. Fat fearing. Water. Polar.

Question 9

Cells must:

Answer 9

Obtain and ingest food and water
Get rid of wastes
Grow
Respond to their environment
Reproduce

Question 10

Biochemistry

Answer 10

The study of chemical reactions ad the molecules and processes involved in them

Question 11

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 11

6CO2 + 6H2O = 6O2 + C6H12O6

carbon dioxide + water = oxygen + glucose

Question 12

Sugars and starches always contain…

Answer 12

…2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen for every atom of carbon. CH2O

Question 13

Carbohydrates provide

Answer 13

Short or longer term energy storage

Question 14

Monosaccharide

Answer 14

A carbohydrate molecule with 3-7 carbon atoms (simple sugar)

Example: glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 15

Disaccharide

Answer 15

Made up of two simple sugars held together by dehydration synthesis (maltose, sucrose, lactose)
Nutritional source of monosaccharides

Question 16

Polysaccharide

Answer 16

Large numbers of simple sugars linked via dehydration synthesis
A complex carb
(starch, glycogen, cellulose)
Energy storage

Question 17

Starch

Answer 17

Energy storage in plants

Question 18

Glycogen

Answer 18

Energy storage in animals

Question 19

Cellulose

Answer 19

Plants use to build cell walls, stores energy, provides support.

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

Do not dissolve in water
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Include: triglycerides, waxes, phospholipids, waxes, steroids

Question 21

Lipids purposes

Answer 21

Long term nutrient and energy storage
Insulation
Cushioning of organs
Hormones

Question 22

Fat molecule structure

Answer 22

3 branched
One molecule of glycerol
Three molecules of fatty acid
AKA triglyceride (non polar)

Question 23

Fatty acid

Answer 23

A hydrocarbon chain

Attaches to one of the three main reaction sites on a glycerol molecule

Question 24

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 24

Solid at room temperature

Question 25

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 25

Liquid at room temperature

Question 26

Protein functions

Answer 26

Make up most cellular structures Function as enzymes Help transport substances across cell membranes Act as chemical messengers

Question 27

Proteins are assembled from...

Answer 27

...small units (amino acid molecules)

Question 28

Peptide bond

Answer 28

A chemical linkage which joins individual amino acids together

Question 29

Polypeptide

Answer 29

A chain of amino acids that is not yet a protein

Question 30

Common amino acids

Answer 30

20 amino acids required for healthy body structures and functions

Question 31

Essential amino acids

Answer 31

8 of the common amino acids that must be present in your food because your body cannot manufacture them

Question 32

Protein formation

Answer 32

Many amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain. Begins to cool up into a helix or bend into pleated lines. The helix folds into a 3-D structure. Many proteins contain 2 or more folded polypeptides joined together.

Question 33

Nucleic acids

Answer 33

Direct the growth and development if every living thing by means of a chemical code

Question 34

RNA

Answer 34

Ribonucleic acid: contains instructions for making proteins

Question 35

DNA

Answer 35

Deoxyribonucleic acid: contains instructions for making RNA

Question 36

Nucleotides

Answer 36

Phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogen base Long chains of linked subunits

Question 37

Triglycerides

Answer 37

Energy storage, insulation, cushioning | Glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acids attached via dehydration synthesis

Question 38

Waxes

Answer 38

Water proofing, protection, structural elements Leaves and fruits, bird feathers Beeswax

Question 39

Phospholipids

Answer 39

Similar to triglycerides Glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphorous containing molecule Form membranes (semi permeable bilayers)

Question 40

Steroids

Answer 40

4 fused carbon rings | Chemical messengers

Question 41

mRNA

Answer 41

Messenger RNA

Question 42

tRNA

Answer 42

Transfer RNA

Question 43

rRNA

Answer 43

ribosomal RNA

Question 44

Protein synthesis

Answer 44

``` DNA unzips mRNA copy is made mRNA leaves nucleus and meets up with a ribosome tRNA brings amino acid Amino acid is formed ```