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Flashcards in Cell Pathology Case Studies Deck (17)
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1
Q

Name the effects of helicobacter infection on the stomach?

A

Inflammation:
acute, chronic (including ulcers)

Cell damage:
atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia

Neoplasia:
carcinoma, lymphoma

2
Q

What is the key inflammatory cell of acute inflammation?

A

neutrophil polypmorph

3
Q

Define an Ulcer

A

An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal.

4
Q

What is the key inflammatory cell of chronic inflammation?

A

lymphocyte

5
Q

What is granumalatous inflammation?

A

Particular form of chronic inflammation showing granuloma formation

  • Cluster of macrophages
  • Involves specific immune reaction T cells
6
Q

Name some causes for granumalatous inflammation?

A

Infection – TB, fungi, helicobacter

Foreign material

Reaction to tumours

Immune diseases (sarcoid, Crohn’s)

7
Q

what is gastritis?

A

Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and is usually termed acute or chronic gastritis

8
Q

What makes a gastric ulcer an acute gastric ulcer?

A

Parenchymal cell regeneration and RESOLUTION

9
Q

What makes a gastric ulcer a chronic gastric ulcer?

A

REPAIR by connective tissue and SCAR TISSUE FORMATION

10
Q

Name the cellular adaptations seen in association with helicobacter gastritis?

A

atrophy
metaplasia and
dysplasia.

11
Q

Define atrophy?

A

Shrinkage in the size of the cell (or organ) by the loss of cell substance

12
Q

Define metaplasia?

A

A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another

13
Q

Define Dysplasia?

A

Precancerous cells which show the genetic and cytological features or malignancy but not invading the underlying tissue

14
Q

What is cancer grading based on?

A

based on the degree of histological differentiation

15
Q

What is cancer stagin based on?

A

based on how far the tumour has spread

16
Q

Name the main staging system for cancers and what the acronym stands for?

A

size and spread of the primary Tumour

Spread to regional Lymph Nodes

Presence of Metastases

TNM

17
Q

Name 3 common sites of clinically important atheroma?

A

Coronary Arteries

Carotid arteries

Aorta or iliac arteries