Cell Physiology

Question 1

•Movement of a solute from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
within a solvent.
Transport: With the concentration gradient
through the lipid portion of the cell membrane or
through membrane channels

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

The diffusion of water across a selectively
permeable membrane from a region of higher
water concentration to one of lower water
concentration.
•Transport: With the concentration gradient
through the lipid portion of the cell membrane or
through membrane channels

Answer 2

Osmosis

Question 3

Force is required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 3

Osmosis Pressure

Question 4

Cells retained to their normal size and shape (same solute/water concentration as inside cells; water moves in and out.)

Answer 4

Isotonic Solutions

Question 5

Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink in a contains a higher concentration of solutes than are present inside the cells.

Answer 5

Hypertonic Solution

Question 6

Cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst (lyse) contains a lower concentration of solutes than are present inside the cells.

Answer 6

Hypotonic Solution

Question 7

Passage of a solution in response to a
pressure difference. Some materials,
usually larger particles, do not pass
through the partition.
Transport: movement of fluid through a
partition containing small holes.

Answer 7

Filtration

Question 8

moves substances from a higher to lower

concentration and does not require energy in the form of ATP

Answer 8

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 9

can move substances from lower to higher

concentration and requires ATP

Answer 9

Active Transport

Question 10

uses the energy of one substance moving down its concentration gradient to move another substance
across the cell membrane.

Answer 10

Secondary Active Transport

Question 11

Transport: movement into cells by vesicles
Example: Ingestion of particles by phagocytosis

Answer 11

Endocytosis

Question 12

movement of solid material into cells

Answer 12

Phagocytosis

Question 13

Similar to phagocytosis, except the material ingested is much smaller and in solution (liquids).

Answer 13

Pinocytosis

Question 14

Transport: movement out of cells by
vesicles
Example: Secretion of proteins

Answer 14

Exocytosis

Question 15

Cell activity is regulated by enzymes and DNA controls enzyme production.

Answer 15

Protein Synthesis

Question 16

Is a sequence of nucleotides providing a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein.

Answer 16

Gene

Question 17

Consist of nucleotides joined together to form two nucleotide strands.

Answer 17

DNA molecule

Question 18

Simplified scheme of information flow from the DNA gene to mRNA to protein structure during transcription and translation.

Answer 18

Protein Synthesis