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mic cabatu Physiology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Contains DNA, Histones & Chromosomes

Has nucleolus

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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3
Q

Involve in detoxification
lipid synthesis
Lipid-soluble substances -> water soluble substances

A

Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

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4
Q

SER

A

Lipid synthesis

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5
Q

RER

A

Protein synthesis

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6
Q

For synthesis of proteins bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, outside of the cell

A

RER ribosomes

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7
Q

For synthesis of proteins bound for the cytoplasm & mitochondria

A

Free - Floating Ribosomes

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8
Q

For packaging, molecular tagging, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid & chondrites sulfate

A

Golgi Apparatus

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9
Q

Contains pro enzymes, neurotransmitters and replenishes cell membrane components

A

Secretory Vesicles

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10
Q

For regression of tissues and Autolysis
Suicide bags of the cells
Destroys FBs

A

Lysosomes

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11
Q

Degrades membrane-associated proteins

Not membrane bound

A

Proteosomes

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12
Q

Contains oxidase so, catalases

For detoxification

A

Peroxisomes

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13
Q

Function of the nucleolus

A

Site of transcription & processing of rRNA

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14
Q

What is unique about the mitochondria

A

Contains mitochondrial DNA that is maternally-derived & does not follow the genetic code

Exclusive Biochemical Pathways: Beta-oxidation, Krebs cycle

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15
Q

RER & SER are abundant in which organ?

A

Liver

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16
Q

Prokaryotes

A

30s, 50s

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17
Q

Eukaryotes

A

40s, 60s

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18
Q

What do you call the specialized SER in the Skeletal muscle & specialized RER in the neuron?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum & Nissl Substance respectively

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19
Q

The only substance modified in the RER & not the Golgi apparatus?

A

Collagen

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20
Q

What is added to lysosomes-bound proteins by Golgi Apparatus?

A

Mannose 6 phosphate

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21
Q

Wear-and-tear pigment that accumulates in lysosomes

A

Lipofuscin

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22
Q

Lysosomes come from which organelle?

A

Golgi apparatus

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23
Q

Peroxisome come from which organelle?

A

SER

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24
Q

Transport from center to periphery of the cell

A

Kinesin (Anterograde transport)

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25
Transport from periphery to center Of the cell
Dynein (Retrograde Transport)
26
What is the functional unit of the gap junction?
Cone on
27
What do you call the movement of substances through the apical and basolateral sides?
Transcellular transport
28
What do you call the movement of substances between the cells through tight junctions?
Paracellular transport
29
Largest organ in the body
Liver
30
Most water absorbed | Main site
Jejune my
31
Acts as guardian of the cell
Cell Membrane
32
ECF cation
Na
33
ECF anion
K
34
ICF cation
K
35
ICF anion
PO4
36
What is the principle of macroscopic electroneutrality?
In each compartment, total number of cations should equal total number of anions
37
What is the basis for the saying | Where sodium goes, water follows?
90% of the salutes in the ECF is Na making it a reasonable indicator of osmolarity
38
Indicator of molecules in TBW
Deuterium oxide, antipyrine
39
Indicator of molecules in ECF
Insulin, Mannitol
40
Indicator of molecules in Plasma
124I-labeled albumin
41
Osmoles per kilogram of water | Independent of temperature
Osmolality
42
Osmolarity per liter of water Varies with temperature **weight doesn't change; easier to measure
Osmolarity
43
Movement of water from area of low concentration to high concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis
44
Example of Impermeant solute
Glucose (Effective Osmole)
45
Example of Permeant Solute
Urea (Ineffective Osmole) **penetrate cell membrane directly
46
Effective Osmole used in the treatment of brain edema
Mannitol
47
Osmotic pressure from large molecules (proteins)
Oncotic pressure
48
Weight of the volume of a solution divided by weight of equal volume of distilled (pure) water
Specific gravity
49
Simple Diffusion
No carrier - mediated Passive (downhill) * * high to low conc. * * non ATP requiring
50
Facilitated Diffusion
Yes (carrier-mediated) Passive (downhill)
51
Primary Active Transport
Yes (carrier-mediated) Active (uphill) ** low to high conc Against conc gradient
52
Secondary Active Transport 1. Cotransport 2. Counter transport
Yes (carrier-mediated) Active (uphill; uses Na Gradient)
53
What are the factors that increase Permeability?
Increased oil/water partition coefficient of solute Decreased Radius of Solute Decreased Membrane thickness
54
Why is Secondary active transport called as such?
It indirectly relies on the Na-K-ATPase pump
55
Tm occurs once all transporters are used
Saturation
56
Recognizes "D" or "L" forms
Stereo specificity
57
Chemically-related salutes may compete
Competition
58
Facilitated > Simple
At low Solute Concentration
59
Simple > Facilitated
At High Concentration
60
Oxygen, Nitrogern, CO2, alcohol, lipid hormones, anesthetic drugs
Example of Simple Diffusion
61
Glucose transport via GLUTs; amino acid transport
Example of Facilitated Diffusion
62
Na-K-TPase pump, H-K ATPase pump of the parietal cells (stomach), H-ATPase pump in intercalated cells (kidneys), Ca-ATPase pump in the cell membrane & SR, multi-drug resistance transport
Example of Primary Active Transport
63
``` SGLT-1 in the SI SGLT 2 in the PCT Na-K-2CL in TAL of LH Na-Ca exchange in almost all cells Na-H exchange in the PCT (kidneys) ```
Example of Secondary active transport
64
Seen in the lumen | Fructose
Glut 5
65
Seen in basement membrane
Glut 2
66
Glucose | Galactose
SGLT1
67
Which of the following transport process is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na gradient across the cell membrane?
Cotransport **SGLT 1 - secondary active transport
68
A new drug is developed that blocks the transporter for H+ secretion in gastric parietal cells. Which of the following transport processes is being inhibited?
Primary Active Transport ** proton pump, uses ATP
69
These are characteristic of facilitated transporters EXCEPT? ** c. It is an active transport
It is stereo specific for either the L or D isomer It is saturable Monosaccharide transport inside a cell is an example Competitive inhibition may occur
70
Ca-ATPase pump in the cell membrane
PMCA
71
Ca-ATPase pump in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum & Endoplasmic Reticulum
SERCA
72
Functions of the Na-K- ATPase pump
Prevents cellular Swelling | Contributes to resting membrane potential (RMP)
73
In all epithelial cells, Na-K-ATPase pump is found in the basolateral side EXCEPT
Choroid plexus
74
Why do RBCs swell when chilled?
Dec ATP synthesis -> dec activity of Na-K-ATPase pump

mic cabatu Physiology (12 decks)

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