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Physiology Compre > Cell Physiology and Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology and Muscle Physiology Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

It divides the body into ECF and ICF compartments

A

Cell Membrane

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2
Q

True or False? The cell membrane contains Many carbohydrates, little Proteins and No water.

A

False. Many Proteins, Little Carbohydrates and No Water

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3
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Proteins

A

55%

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4
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Phospholipids

A

25%

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5
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Cholesterol

A

13%

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6
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Other Lipids

A

4%

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7
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Carbohydrates

A

3%

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8
Q

Cell membrane lets hydrophobic/fat soluble substances to move in or out of the cell membrane with ease according to _________________

A

Concentration Gradient

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9
Q

It has tight attachment using hydrophobic interactions and spans the entire cell membrane

A

Integral Proteins

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10
Q

It has loose attachment using electrostatic interactions and are found in the inner and outer leaflet

A

Peripheral Proteins

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11
Q

In the movement of substances across the cell membrane, Water undergoes what process/transport?

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

In the movement of substances across the cell membrane, Lipid Soluble Substances undergoes what kind of transport?

A

Simple Diffusion

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13
Q

In the movement of substances across the cell membrane, Water Soluble Substances undergoes what transport?

A

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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14
Q

These are disk-shaped like intercellular stapler wires in the epithelium for tight cellular adhesion

A

Desmosomes (Macula Adherens)

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15
Q

These are ring shaped structures that increases surface area for contact on epithelial and endothelial cells

A

Zonula Adherens

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16
Q

These acts as a barrier for the movement of proteins across membranes, It divides the cell into apical and basolateral side

A

Zonula Occludens (Tight Junctions)

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17
Q

These acts as a bridge for sharing small molecules between cells and Rapid intercellular communication

A

Gap Junctions

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18
Q

The low-resistance pathways between myocardial cell that allow for the spread of action potentials are the ___________

A

Gap Junctions

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19
Q

Type of Transport across cell membranes that is from a High Concentration to Low Concentration

A

Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion

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20
Q

Type of Transport across cell membranes that is from a Low Concentration to High Concentration

A

Osmosis
Primary Active Transport
Secondary Active Transport

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21
Q

Always remember pag may ATP sa name PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT na yun okey?

A

Okay

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22
Q

Always remember pag may sodium sa name SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT na yun okey?

A

Okay fo

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23
Q

Solute moves in the same direction

A

Co-Transport

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24
Q

Solute moves in different directions

A

Countertransport

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25
Concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution
Osmolarity
26
Same effective osmotic pressure
Isotonic
27
Higher effective osmotic pressure (Cellular Shrinking)
Hypertonic
28
Lower effective osmotic pressure (Cellular Swelling)
Hypotonic
29
Osmotic Pressure exerted by Proteins
Oncotic Pressure/ Colloid Osmotic Pressure
30
These are Cell membrane integral proteins that permit passage of certain ions
Ion Channels
31
This is a type of Ion Channel that is Opened or Closed by changes in membrane potential
Voltage Gated Channels
32
This is a type of Ion Channel that is Opened or Closed by Hormones or 2nd Messengers
Ligand Gated Channels
33
This is the potential difference generated across a membrane because of a concentration difference of an ion
Diffusion Potential
34
It is established by diffusion potentials resulting from concentration differences of various ions as each attempt to drive the membrane potential towards its equilibrium potential
Resting membrane potential
35
This is exhibited by excitable cells that consists of depolarization and repolarization
Action Potential
36
What are the Characteristics of a True Action Potential
Stereotypical size and shape Propagating All or None
37
Opening of Na-Activation Gate (M Gate)
Depolarization
38
Opening of Na-Inactivation Gate (H Gate) and Opening of K Gates
Repolarization
39
Makes the Membrane Potential more Positive
Depolarization
40
Makes the Membrane Potential more Negative
Repolarization
41
This is the flow of Positive Charges into the cell causing depolarization
Inward Current
42
This is the flow of Positive Charges outside the cell causing repolarization
Outward Current
43
Occurs during when action potential in Membrane Potential is > 0 mV
Overshoot
44
Occurs during when action potential in Membrane Potential is < Resting Membrane Potential
Undershoot
45
These are the unmyelinated parts of the axon that contains the highest concentration of Na+ Channels
Nodes of Ranvier
46
This is where the Action Potential is regenerated
Nodes of Ranvier
47
The Velocity of conduction of action potentials along nerve will be increased by _________________
Myelinating the Nerve
48
Myelin is produced by ______________
Schwann cells
49
It is a tissue macrophage that acts as a scavenger cell removing debris resulting from injury, infection and disease
Microglia
50
It is a Type of Macroglia that forms myelin in the CNS and PNS
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells
51
It is a Type of Macroglia that send processes that envelops synapses and the nerve cells
Astrocytes
52
These are Astrocytes that can be found in White Matter
Fibrous Astrocytes
53
These are Astrocytes in the Gray Matter with granular cytoplasm and produce substances that are tropic to neurons to help maintain appropriate concentration of Ions and NTs
Protoplasmic Astrocytes
54
Synaptic Transmission is Orthodromic (______________)
Synapse to Axon
55
This depolarizes the postsynaptic cell and bring it closer to threshold
Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials
56
This Hyperpolarizes postsynaptic cells
Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials
57
This occurs when stimuli are applied at the same time, but in different areas, with a cumulative effect upon membrane potential.
Spatial Summation
58
This involves a single presynaptic neuron rapid-firing signals to a single postsynaptic neuron's synapse
Temporal Summation
59
It is the functional and structural unit of a muscle
Sarcomere
60
Contractile unit of Both skeletal and cardiac muscles
Sarcomere
61
This contains myosin that acts as cross bridges of the sarcomeres
Thick Filament
62
It has 2 pairs of heavy chains and 2 pairs of light chains ( 2 heads 1 tail)
Thick Filament
63
This contains actin, tropomyosin and troponin
Thin Filament
64
What are the 3 subunits of Troponin?
Troponin T Troponin I Troponin C
65
This subunit of troponin attaches the troponin to Tropomyosin
Troponin T
66
This subunit of troponin Inhibits actin-myosin binding
Troponin I
67
This subunit of troponin is a Calcium binding protein
Troponin C
68
Length is held Constant while Muscle Contracts. No Muscle Shortening/Lengthening
Isometric Contraction
69
Load is held constant while muscle contracts
Isotonic Contraction
70
Muscle Shortening
Concentric Contraction
71
Muscle Lenghtening
Eccentric Contraction
72
In Skeletal Muscle Contraction where is more tension is produced Isometric or Isotonic?
Isometric Contraction
73
True or False? Muscle fiber has no refractory period
True
74
True or False? Muscle Contraction starts after the action potential and last longer than the action potential
False. Muscle contraction STARTS BEFORE THE ACTION POTENTIAL
75
Occurs 3-6 hours after death due to lack of ATP
Rigor Mortis
76
This happens when all the Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum has been released. No Further increase in Muscle Strength
Tetanus
77
* Thick Filaments * Dark Bands * A Bands
Myosin
78
* Thin Filaments * Light Bands * I Bands
Actin
79
Interaction between _____________ and _________ is what causes muscle contraction
1. Cross Bridges 2. Actin filaments
80
It covers the active sites on an actin filament of arelaxed muscle
Troponin-Tropomyosin Complex
81
# Type of muscle fiber * Extensive Sarcoplasmic Reticulum * Less extensive blood supply * Fewer mitochondira
Fast Muscle Fibers
82
It is a **Protein molecule** that **maintain the side by side relationship** between **myosin and actin filaments**
Titin
83
Caused by the interaction of the cross bridges from myosin filaments with actin filaments
Sliding filament mechanism
84
Components of Myosin
* 2 Heavy Chains * 4 Light Chains

Physiology Compre (3 decks)

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