Cell Regulation and Genetics Flashcards
(47 cards)
1
Q
Genetics
A
The study of heredity
2
Q
Genomics
A
The study of gene s and their functions and related techniques
3
Q
Chloride levels normal
A
<29
4
Q
Chloride levels that indicate possible CF
A
30-59
5
Q
Chloride levels that indicate probable CF diagnosis
A
> 60
6
Q
Order of daily CF treatment
A
- Albuterol by metered dose inhaler
- Hypertonic saline
- DNase and airway clearance therapy
- Other inhaled treatments
7
Q
No available info on primary tumor
A
Tx
8
Q
No evidence of primary tumor
A
T0
9
Q
Only carcinoma in-situ on primary sites
A
TIS
10
Q
<2cm
A
T1
11
Q
2-4 cm
A
T2
12
Q
> 4cm
A
T3
13
Q
> 4cm, involvement of natrum, pterygoid muscles, base of tongue/skin
A
T4
14
Q
Not assessed
A
Mx
15
Q
No evidence
A
M0
16
Q
Distant metastasis present
A
M1
17
Q
Can’t be assessed
A
Nx
18
Q
No clinical positive nodes
A
N0
19
Q
Single, ipsilateral, <3cm
A
N1
20
Q
Single, ipsilateral, 3-6cm
A
N2a
21
Q
Multiple, ipsilateral, <6cm
A
N2b
22
Q
Massive, ipsilateral/bilateral/contralateral
A
N3
23
Q
Ipsilateral node, one or more than 6cm
A
N3a
24
Q
Bilateral
A
N3b
25
Contralateral
N3c
26
External beam radiation
Ionizing radiation is directed to tumor site
27
Brachytherapy
Radioactive sources like ribbons/seeds/capsules are placed in the body in or near the tumor
28
Breast cancer risk factors (7)
- Ashkenazi jewish
- BRCA 1/2 mutation
- Family history of breast/ovarian cancer
- Oral hormone replacement therapy
- Ionizing radiation
- Obesity
- Alcohol
29
Menopausal side effects of tamoxifen
- Hot flashes
- Vaginal discharge
30
GINA
- Genetic information non-discrimination act of 2008
- Prohibits discrimination in health coverage/employment based on genetic info
31
Autosomal dominant
- Mutation of a single gene pair
- Heterozygous
- 1 copy of mutated gene needed to get disorder
32
Example of autosomal dominant disorders
- Breast/ovarian cancers d/t BRCA gene mutation
- Huntington's Disease
- Neurofibromatosis
33
Autosomal recessive
- Mutation in 2 gene pairs
- Homozygous
- Need 2 copies of mutation to get disorder
34
Examples of autosomal recessive disorders
- CF
- Sickle cell
- Tay-sach's disease
35
X-linked recessive
- Mutation of 1 or 2 gene pairs with 1 mutated gene on the x chromosome
36
Examples of x-link recessive disorders
- Hemophilia
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
37
X linked dominant
Dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome and only 1 allele is needed to get the disorder
38
CF patio in lungs
Mucous builds up and clogs airways, trapping bacteria and causing damage
39
GI effects of CF (5)
- GERD
- Gallstones
- Pancreatitis
- Constipation
- Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome
40
Pancreas pathology for CF
Mucous plugs duct and impairing flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes
41
Pancreatic atrophy leads to
CF related diabetes
42
Maldigestion
Insufficient production of lipase, amylase, protease causes poor absorption of nutrients
43
Malabsorption
- Steatorrhea
- Protein
- Fat soluble vitamins
44
Vitamin deficiency in CF
- A
- E
- D
- K
45
Electrolyte imbalances in CF
- Hyponatremia
- Hypochloremia
46
Liver effects in CF
Bile thickens in gallbladder and causing obstruction
47
S/S of CF in infants (4)
- Meconium ileus
- Salty sweat
- Failure to thrive
- Intestinal obstruction
