CELL REPRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

AN ORGANIZED STRUCTURE DNA

A

CHROMOSOME

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2
Q

DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE

A

ALLELES

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3
Q

FOUND IN CHROMOSOME

A

GENES

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4
Q

CHROMOSOME IS TRANSMITTED FROM PARENTS VIA

A

SEX CELLS

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5
Q

SEX CELLS

A

SPERM CELL AND EGG CELL

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6
Q

DNA IS MADE UP OF

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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7
Q

CONTAIN ESSENTIAL INFORMATION IN DNA

A

GENES

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8
Q

A REGION OF CONDENSED PINCH OF CHROMOSOMES

A

CENTROMERE

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9
Q

REFERS TO EACH STRAND OF A DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES

A

CHROMATIDS

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10
Q

TOGETHER OF CHROMATIDS

A

SISTER CHROMATIDS

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11
Q

ROLE IS TO PREVENT THE ENDS OF CHROMOSOMES FROM ACCIDENTALLY ATTACHING TO ONE ANOTHER AND TO PREVENT THE LOSS OF GENES

A

TELOMERE

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12
Q

WHAT ARE FOUND IN THE CELL

A

NUCLEUS , ORGANELLES ,CYTOPLASM, CELL MEMBRANE

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13
Q

CELL FOLLOW THE STAGES OF GROWTH , DUPLICATION AND DIVISION KNOWN AS

A

CELL CYCLE

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14
Q

ABNORMALITIES IN THE CELL CYCLE CAN PRODUCE

A

ABNORMAL CELL GROWTH

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15
Q

THIS CYCLE INVOLVES DISTINCT AND REGULAR PHASES OF GROWTH

A

CELL CYCLE

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16
Q

DNA DUPLICATION AND CELL DIVISION THAT ARE NEEDED TO ALLOW GROWTH AND REPAIR

A

CELL CYCLE

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17
Q

GAP 1, DNA SYNTHESIS , GAP 2

A

INTERPHASE

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18
Q

KARYOKINESIS AND CYTOKINESIS

A

CELL DIVISION

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19
Q

THE GROWTH PERIOD IN THE CELL CYCLE WHICH TAKES APPROXIMATELY 80% IF THE CELL LIFETIME

A

INTERPHASE

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20
Q

FIRST PART OF THE CELL WHEREIN THE CELL CARIES OUT ITS NORMAL METABOLIC FUNCTION

A

GAP1

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21
Q

DURING THIS PHASE , CELL INCREASE THEIR SIZE , THEIR ORGANELLES INCREASE IN NUMBER

A

GAP1

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22
Q

SECOND PART OF THE CELL CYCLE , WHICH REFERS TO THE TIME THAT THE CELL MAKES A COPY OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF NUCLEAR DNA

A

DNA SYNTHESIS

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23
Q

DURING THIS PHASES , THE CELL SPENDS CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF TIME AND ENERGY TO MAKE A COPIES OF ITS CHROMOSOMES

A

DNA SYNTHESIS

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24
Q

CELL CONTINUE TO CARRY OUT THEIR NORMAL FUNCTIONS AND ALSO UNDERGO FURTHER GROWTH

A

GAP2

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25
DURING THIS PHASE, THE CELL MAKES SURE THAT EVERYTHING IS IN ORDER , INCLUDING IS ON ORDER , INCLUDING GROWING TO ITS CORRECT SIZE AND DUPLICATING DNA WITHOUT DAMAGE
GAP2
26
INVOLVES THE DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL
MITOSIS
27
HAPPENS IN THE BODY CELL
MITOSIS
28
THE DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS
KARYOKINESIS
29
THE DIVISION OF CYTOPLASM
CYTOKINESIS
30
DURING THIS STAGE: CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO TIGHTLY COILED CHROMOSOMES
PROPHASES
31
CHROMOSOMES BEGIN TO BE VERY VISIBLE AS THREADLIKE STRUCTURES
PROPHASES
32
MITOTIC SPINDLE IS FORMED
PROPHASE
33
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISAPPEARS
PROPHASE
34
NUCLEOLUS DISAPPEARS
PROPHASE
35
DURING THIS STAGE , SPINDLE FIBERS FACILITIES THE MOVEMENT OF CHROMOSOMES TOWARD THE MIDDLE OF THE CELL
METAPHASE
36
CHROMOSOMES AT THE CENTER
METAPHASES
37
IF THE CHROMOSOMES IS IN THIS POSITION , ANAPHASES COMMENSES
METAPHASE
38
SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE TIGHTLY PAIRED DUE TO THE CENTROMERE AND PROTEIN COHESIN
ANAPHASE
39
SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE FROM EACH OTHER
ANAPHASE
40
SPINDLE FIBER BEGIN TO SHORTEN TO OULL THE SISTER CHROMATIDS AWAY FROM EACH OTHER TOWARD THE OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL
ANAPHASE
41
CHROMATIDS TO OPPOSITE SIDES
ANAPHASE
42
COMPLETE SET OF IDENTICAL CHROMOSOMES ARE NOW POSITIONED AT EACH POLE OF THE CELL
TELOPHASE
43
REBUILD THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AROUND EACH SET OF CHROMOSOMES
TELOPHASE
44
REFORMATION OF NUCLEI
TELOPHASE
45
INVOLVES SPLITTING OF THE CYTOPLASM INTO TWO CELLS
CYTOKINESIS
46
COMPLETED NUCLEAR ENVELOP SURROUNDS DECONDENSING CHROMOSOMES
CYTOKINESIS
47
FORMING OF THE CLEAVAGE FURROR IN AN ANIMAL CELL
CYTOKINESIS
48
SKIN CELL LIFE SPAN
14 DAYS
49
RED BLOOD CELL LIFE SPAN
120 DAYS
50
LIVER CELL LIFE SPAN
300-500 DAYS
51
INTERNAL LINING INTESTINE LIFE SPAN
4-5 DAYS
52
SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE INTESTINES LIFE SPAN
16 YEARS
53
THE ORDERLY PROGRAMMED OF CELL DEATH OR SUICIDE BY UNCONTROLLED CELL DEATH IS CALLED
APOPTOSIS
54
THIS IS THE BODYS WAY TO GET RID OF ALL THE CELL THAT ARE NO LONGER FUNCTIONING
APOPTOSIS
55
IF THERE IS UNCONTROLLED CELL DIVISION IF MAY PRODUCED ABNORMALITIES IN THE CELL
CANCER
56
THIS CONDITION WHEREIN A GROUP OF CELLS IS CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLED AND ABNORMAL CELL DIVISION
CANCER
57
IT OCCURS WHEN THERE IS A DISRUPTION IN THE CELL CYCLE , WHEREIN IT DOESNT STOP AND START IN APPROPRIATE POINTS
CANCER
58
A SOLID MASS OF TUMOR IS FORMED
CANCER
59
ANOTHER TYPE OF CELL DIVISION THAT OCCURS ONLY IN THE ORGANISM REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MEIOSIS
60
A KIND OF CELLULAR DIVISION THAT OCCURS ONLY IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION WHICH INVOLVES IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEX CELLS OR GAMETES
MEIOSIS
61
MEIOSIS PRODUCES GENETICALLY
HAPLOID CELLS
62
MITOSIS PRODUCES
DIPLOID CELLS
63
COPY ONLY THE EXACT NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES OF THE MOTHER CELL
DIPLOID
64
IT TAKES PART IN THE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF AN ORGANISM , WHEREIN HALF OF THE CHROMOSOMES FROM BOTH PARENTS WILL BE GIVEN TO THEIR OFFSPRING
HAPLOID
65
MEIOSIS IS DIVIDED INTO 2 DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUS KNOWN AS
MEIOSIS 1 AND MEIOSIS 2
66
PRODUCTS AFTER MEIOSIS ID TWO DAUGHTER CELLS WHICH IS COMPOSED ONLY OF
23 CHROMOSOMES
67
FOCUSES ON THE DIVISION OF THE HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES TO PRODUCE TWO HAPLOID CELLS WITH DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES
MEIOSIS 1
68
THE GOAL IT TO DIVIDE SISTER CHROMATIDS , RESULTING IN SEX CELLS WITH ONLY HALF THE CHROMOSOMES NUMBER
MEIOSIS 2
69
THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING GAMETES OR SEX CELLS
GAMETOGENESIS
70
MEIOSIS IS THE PRIMARY EVENT IN THIS PROCESS
GAMETOGENESIS
71
TWO TYPES OF GAMETOGENESIS
SPERMATOGENESIS AND OOGENESIS
72
PROCESS OF PRODUCING EGG CELL AND POLAR BODIES
OOGENESIS
73
PROCESS OF PRODUCING SPERM CELLS
SPERMATOGENESIS
74
THIS IS THE RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES DURING MEIOSIS
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
75
CROSSING OVER HAPPENS DURING PROPHASE 1 WHEREIN SECTIONS OF DNA ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN CHROMOSOMES
RANDOM FERTILIZATION /CROSSING OVER
76
PRODUCT OF MEIOSIS
HAPLOID CELLS
77
MEIOSIS CONTAINS _______ FROM PARENTS
23 CHROMOSOMES
78
DURING FERTILIZATION PROCESS , SPERM CELL WILL UNITE TP EGG CELL FORMING
46 CHROMOSOMES OF AN OFFSPRING
79
44 OF THESE OF CHROMOSOMES ARE CALLED
BODY CELLS OR AUTOSOMES
80
THE REMAINING 2 FROM 46 CHROMOSOMES ARE CALLED
SEX CELLS AND SEX CHROMOSOMES
81
SEX CELLS ARE CALLED
X AND Y CHROMOSOMES
82
BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
XX
83
BIOLOGICAL MALE
YY
84
THE PROCESS OF VIEWING THE ARRANGEMENT OF CHROMOSOMES IS DONE THROUGH THE PROCESS OF
KARYOTYPING
85
DIAGRAM THAT SHOWS KARYOTYPING PROCESS IS CALLED
KARYOGRAM