Cell specialisation ✅

Question 1

How do stem cells become specialised

Answer 1

through differentiation

Question 2

What’s a stem cell niche

Answer 2

Stem cells remaining in specific locations in the human body

Question 3

What is the benefit of the stem cell niche

Answer 3

gives the capacity for the tissues to regenerate and repair

Question 4

Define potency

Answer 4

The ability of stem cells to differentiate into more specialised cell type

Question 5

define totitpotency

Answer 5

Stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type found in an embryo and extra embryonic cells

Question 6

Define pluripotency

Answer 6

Embryonic stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type found in an embryo but are not able to differentiate into extra -embryonic cells

Question 7

Define multipotency

Answer 7

Adult stem cells that can differentiate into any closed related cell types

Question 8

Define Unipotency

Answer 8

Adult cells that can only differentiate into their own lineage

Question 9

Two factors of stem cells

Answer 9

They are self-new and can differentiate

Question 10

What do structural adaptations of the cell include ?

Answer 10

The shape of the cell
The organelles the cell contains

Question 11

Order of differentiated cells smallest to biggest

Answer 11

red blood cell , white blood cells , sperm cell , egg cell , nerve cell , muscle cell

Question 12

How is a red blood cell adapted

Answer 12

small to allow movement through narrow capillaries

Question 13

How are active white blood cells adapted

Answer 13

larger than inactive WBCS to allow space for Rer and golgi apparatus to allow protein synthesis

Question 14

How are sperm cells adapted

Answer 14

long to allow for movement towards the egg cell , narrow streamlined heads to reduce resistance to reaching the egg cell

Question 15

How is an egg cell adapted

Answer 15

Has the largest volume to allow for stored food reserves

Question 16

How is a nerve cell adapted

Answer 16

large cell body to allow for protein synthesis to maintain structure of long axon

Question 17

How is a muscle cell adapted

Answer 17

larger in length and diameter to extent force during muscle contraction

Question 18

What would an increase in volume in a cell result in ?

Answer 18

Will increase metabolic requirements

Question 19

Single called organisms have a high

Answer 19

SA:Volune ratio
small volume means diffusion is short

Question 20

as the cells get larger

Answer 20

SA : Volume ratio decreases

Question 21

What is the rate of metabolism dependent on

Answer 21

mass / volume

Question 22

What is the rate of exchange dependent on

Answer 22

surface area