Cell Specialisation, Tissues, Organs And Systems

Question 1

Why do cells in a multicellular organism become specialised?

Answer 1

No single cell can perform all functions efficiently and cells become specialised for specific roles.

Question 2

How do specialised cells differ from each other in terms of structure?

Answer 2

Specialisation involves changes in:
• Shape
• Number and type of organelles (e.g., muscle/sperm cells have many mitochondria; white blood cells have many lysosomes).

Question 3

Where do all body cells originate from?

Answer 3

All body cells originate from the fertilised egg via mitosis.

Question 4

If all cells have the same genes, how do they become specialised?

Answer 4

All cells contain the same genes, but only some are expressed (switched on) in each specialised cell

Question 5

What determines a cell’s structure and function?

Answer 5

The genes that are expressed determine the cell’s structure and function.

Question 6

Why are specialised cells more efficient?

Answer 6

Specialised cells are more efficient so the whole organism functions more effectively.

Question 7

What is a tissue?

Answer 7

Tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Question 8

Animal Tissues

Q8. What is epithelial tissue and what is its function?

Answer 8

Epithelial tissue are Sheets of cells that line organs. And it is responsible to be protective or secretory.

Question 9

What is the structure and function of squamous epithelium?

Answer 9

Squamous epithelium are found im alveoli are made up of Single layer of flat cells which allows rapid diffusion of gasses and other molecules via decrease in diffusion distance

Question 10

What does ciliated epithelium contain and what is its function?

Answer 10

Ciliated epithelium: Contains ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells (e.g., trachea). Goblet cells secrete mucus to trap pathogens. Cilia move mucus away from lungs.

Question 11

What type of tissue is cartilage and what is it made of?

Answer 11

Cartilage are Connective tissue. Made of chondrocytes in an extracellular matrix.

Question 12

What are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 12

Cartilage are Cushions joints and supports structures like ears and nose

Question 13

What is muscle tissue made of?

Answer 13

Muscle tissue are Made of muscle fibres that are long cells that contract(shorten) and relax

Question 14

Name the three types of muscle tissue and where they are found.

Answer 14

1. Smooth found in organs
2. Cardiac found in heart
3. Skeletal found attached to bones

Question 15

🌿 Plant Tissues

Q15. What is the role of xylem?

Answer 15

Xylem: Transports water and minerals within plants

Question 16

Describe the structure of xylem tissue.

Answer 16

The xylem tissue is Made up of dead vessel cells no organelles or end walls Strengthened with waterproof and rigid lignin forming a hollow column

Question 17

What is the role of phloem?

Answer 17

Phloem: Transports sugars and amino acids.

Question 18

What is phloem made of?

Answer 18

Phloem is made up of Sieve tube elements (containing sieve plates with holes) and Companion cells (with many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport)

Question 19

What is an organ?

Answer 19

An organ is a collection of different tissues working together to perform one or more functions

Question 20

List the tissues in the stomach and their functions.

Answer 20

1. Muscle tissue – churns and mixes contents
2. Epithelium tissues protects walls and secretes substances
3. Connective tissue holds structures together

Question 21

List the 5 tissues in a plant leaf and their functions.

Answer 21

1. Palisade mesophyll for photosynthesis
2. Spongy mesophyll for gaseous diffusion
3. Epidermis for protection and gas exchange
4. Xylem to transport water and minerals
5. Phloem to transports organic substances

Question 22

Why are arteries and veins considered organs, but capillaries are not?

Answer 22

Capillaries have one tissue epithelium and are not organs. Arteries & veins have multiple tissues and are organs.

Question 23

What is an organ system?

Answer 23

In an organ system is a group of Organs working together in organ systems to carry out major body functions efficiently.

Question 24

What organs are found in the digestive system and what is its function?

Answer 24

Digestive system Digests and processes food and involves salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, pancreas, liver.

Question 25

Name the organs in the respiratory system and its function

Answer 25

Respiratory system carries out Breathing & gas exchange and involves trachea, bronchi and lungs.

Question 26

Name the organs in the circulatory system and its function

Answer 26

Circulatory system Pumps and circulates blood and involves heart, arteries and veins.

Question 27

How does cell specialisation occur?

Answer 27

Cell specialisation occurs through differential gene expression.

Question 28

Define and relate tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Answer 28

Tissues are a group of similar cells Organs are a group of tissues Organ systems are a group of organs

Question 29

What should always be considered when identifying cell function?

Answer 29

Always consider number, type, and structure of organelles when identifying function.

Question 30

Why is structure important in relation to function?

Answer 30

Structure is directly related to function For example, cells containing numerous, densely folded mitochondria have a large inner‑membrane surface for enzymes invloved in respiration to produce extra ATP required for the cell function. And a single‑cell‑thick squamous epithelium minimises diffusion distance, enabling rapid gas exchange in alveoli. lignified hollow xylem vessels provide both tensile strength and an column for bulk flow of water.