Cell Structure Flashcards
(59 cards)
What type of cells have cell wall
Prokaryotes and plant cells
What is the difference between the cell wall in prokaryotes and plant cells?
Plants cell wall is made out of cellulose.
Prokaryotic cell wall is made out of peptidoglycans.
What is cellulose
A secretion from the cell that forms a layer on the cell and makes the cell wall
What are peptidoglycans
Proteins carbohydrates and sugars
Difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have one large vacuole….. Animal cells have many small vacuoles
Plant cells have chloroplast… Animal cells don’t
Plant cells have their nucleus to one side of the cell…… Animal cells have their nucleus in the centre
Plant cells do not have centrioles or centrosome…. Animals have centrioles and centrosome
Plant cells have plastids…… Animal cells lack plastids
Plant cells have cell wall……. Animal cells only have cell membrane.
Plant cells are larger and rectangular in shape…… Animal cells are smaller than plant cells
Plant cells store glucose as starch…… Animal cells store glucose as glycogen
Characteristics of chloroplasts
- contain chlorophyll
- have their own DNA and ribosomes (systhesise protein)
- double membranes
Function of chloroplasts
To generate food and store it as ATP for the plant with the process of photosynthesis
Where are chloroplasts found and in what type of cells?
Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and algae
They are usually found in parts that receive sunlight.
What is the function of cell wall
Provide strength and rigidity to the cell and protects it
Characteristics of cell wall
Made from cellulose (made with peptidoglycans in prokaryotes)
Permeable and allows all things to pass through
Very strong layer
Characteristics of microvilli
Finger like projections
They are stationary and do not contribute to movement
Function of microvilli
To increase surface area and absorption rate so the cell can get it’s nutrients
Where are microvilli found?
Epithelial tissue in trachea and internal layer of intestines
Characteristics of cilia
- hair like structures on the cell
- they whip around and provide movement
- they are considered as separate organell
- microtubules in the cilia helps in movement of cilia
-have membrane
Function of cilia
Help in movement of the cell in fluid spaces and also to push away foreign particles
Where are cilia found
Cila are found in epithelial cells of trachea
Also found in fallopian tube of female reproductive system
Flagella characteristics
- Is a thin stretched out thread like structure
- is usually part of the external structure of the cell
- is membranous
- whips and moves to provide movement
- made out of proteins and microfilaments
Where is a flagella found
Usually on single celled organisms or on human sperm cell
What are lysosomes
They are vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzyme mixture
Membrane bound
Function of lysosomes?
Help in digestion and processing food
Help in the breakdown of foreign bodies
Decomposes old organelles
What is a vesicle
Membrane bound sac-like structure that is usually involved in storage, transport or secretion and excretion in a cell.
They usually contain fluid that determines their purpose
What is the golgi apparatus?
It is a series of membranous sac-like structures that are flattened out.
The sacs can be called cisternae and contain lumen in them.
Products are stored in the cisternae, processed and transported out through transport vesicles
Cisternae is found in
Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
Types of endoplasmic reticulum and their difference (talk about their function)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis
Smooth doesn’t have ribosomes and is involved in the production of enzymes and lipids (helps in metabolism of carbohydrates)
