Cell Structure

Question 1

Use of an eye piece graticule

Answer 1

to make measurement of any cells or other structures viewed with the microscope on that magnification.

Question 2

the preparation and examination of microscope slides for use in light microscopy

Question 3

the use of microscopy to observe and investigate different types of cell and cell structure in a range of eukaryotic organisms

Question 4

Use of stage micrometer

Answer 4

To calibrate an eyepiece reticle when making measurements with a microscope.

Question 5

what is the use of staining in light microscopy

Answer 5

Stains such as acetic orcein enhance the contrast in the microscopic image so they are more easier to see.

Question 6

the representation of cell structure as seen under the light microscope using drawings and annotated diagrams of whole cells or cells in sections of tissue

Question 7

Magnification formula

Answer 7

Magnification = size of image/size of real object

Question 8

the difference between magnification and resolution

Answer 8

Magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger, such as making a microscopic organism visible. Resolution is the ability to distinguish two objects from each other.

Question 9

the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells and the functions of the different cellular components

Question 10

Nucleus function and structure

Answer 10

surrounded by a double membrane called the envelope containing pores which enable molecules to enter and leave the nucleus. The nucleus also contains chromatin and a nucleolus which is the site of ribosome production

Question 11

Nucleolus structure and function

Answer 11

dense area of nucleus where rRNA is synthesized

Question 12

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) structure and function

Answer 12

A series of flattened sacs enclosed by a membrane with ribosomes on the surface. RER folds and processes proteins made on the ribosomes.

Question 13

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) structure and function

Answer 13

A system of membrane bound sacs. SER produces and processes lipids.

Question 14

Nuclear envelope structure and function

Answer 14

Separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus.

Question 15

Golgi apparatus structure and function

Answer 15

A series of fluid filled, flattened & curved sacs with vesicles surrounding the edges. Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins and lipids. It also produces lysosomes.

Question 16

Ribosomes structure and function

Answer 16

Composed of two sub units and are the site of protein production

Question 17

Mitochondria structure and function

Answer 17

Oval shaped, bound by a double membrane called the envelope. The inner membrane is folded to form projections called cristae with matrix on the inside containing all the enzymes needed for respiration.

Question 18

Lysosomes structure and function

Answer 18

A vesicle containing digestive enzymes bound by a single membrane

Question 19

Chloroplasts structure and function

Answer 19

Contains chlorophyll which functions by trapping the solar energy and is used for the synthesis of food in all green plants.

Question 20

Plasma membrane / Cell surface membrane structure and function

Answer 20

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

Question 21

Centrioles structure and function

Answer 21

Hollow cylinders containing a ring of microtubules arranged at right angles to each other. Centrioles are involved in cell division.

Question 22

Cell wall structure and function

Answer 22

Help maintain cell shape by providing structural support.

Question 23

Flagella structure and function

Answer 23

Involved in the locomotion of the cell.Helps to propel a cell through the liquid.

Question 24

Cilia structure and function

Answer 24

To move a cell or group of cells or to help transport fluid or materials past them.

Question 25

photomicrographs of cellular components in a range of eukaryotic cells

Question 26

the interrelationship between the organelles involved in the production and secretion of proteins

Question 27

Importance of cytoskeleton

Answer 27

Provides mechanical strength to cells, aiding transport within cells and enabling cell movement.

Question 28

the differences in the structure and ultrastructure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 28

Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria and reticulum which prokaryotic cells do not have

Question 29

the similarities in the structure and ultrastructure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 29

Both have ribosomes and cell surface membranes.