Cell Structure Flashcards
Compound microscope
Uses two lenses, an objective lens and an eyepiece lens
Total magnification of a compound microscope
Is calculated by multiplying the power of the two lenses
Parts of the Microscope
- lenses
- stage
- clips
- diaphragm
- coarse focus knob
- fine focus knob
- light
Electron Microscope
Uses beams of electrons, which are focused onto the sample using magnets
TEM
Transmission electron microscope
SEM
Scanning electron microscope
Cells
the basic unit of life, all living things are composed of one or more cells
Cells are measured in
micrometres
Protoplasm
is all the living parts of a cell, its made up of the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
the living material outside the nucleus, most of the chemical reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm
Organelles
an organelle is a cell component that performs specific functions for the cell
Cell wall
the cell wall gives the cell strength and support and makes it less flexible, its made of cellulose and is fully permeable
Vacuole
gives the cell strength and shape and may store materials
Chloroplasts
structure which contain a green pigment called chlorophyll and are where photosynthesis takes place
Ultrastructure
the fine details of a cell as seen with an electron microscope
Functions of Membranes
- control what enters and leaves the cell
- give support to the cell
- recognise molecules that touch them
Nucleus
The control centre of the cell
Nuclear pores
allow a type of RNA called mRNA to pass in and out of the nucleus
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, found in chromosomes in the nucleus
Chromatin
the name given to chromosomes when they are not dividing
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Nucleolus
the are in the nucleus where ribosomes are made
Mitochondria
supply energy to the cell, they are the sites of respiration
Cell/ plasma membrane
Thin skin made up of lipids and proteins that form a barrier between the cell contents and the outside of the cell, it is semi permeable
