Cell Structure

Question 1

Compound microscope

Answer 1

Uses two lenses, an objective lens and an eyepiece lens

Question 2

Total magnification of a compound microscope

Answer 2

Is calculated by multiplying the power of the two lenses

Question 3

Parts of the Microscope

Answer 3

• lenses
• stage
• clips
• diaphragm
• coarse focus knob
• fine focus knob
• light

Question 4

Electron Microscope

Answer 4

Uses beams of electrons, which are focused onto the sample using magnets

Question 5

TEM

Answer 5

Transmission electron microscope

Question 6

SEM

Answer 6

Scanning electron microscope

Question 7

Cells

Answer 7

the basic unit of life, all living things are composed of one or more cells

Question 8

Cells are measured in

Answer 8

micrometres

Question 9

Protoplasm

Answer 9

is all the living parts of a cell, its made up of the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

the living material outside the nucleus, most of the chemical reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm

Question 11

Organelles

Answer 11

an organelle is a cell component that performs specific functions for the cell

Question 12

Cell wall

Answer 12

the cell wall gives the cell strength and support and makes it less flexible, its made of cellulose and is fully permeable

Question 13

Vacuole

Answer 13

gives the cell strength and shape and may store materials

Question 14

Chloroplasts

Answer 14

structure which contain a green pigment called chlorophyll and are where photosynthesis takes place

Question 15

Ultrastructure

Answer 15

the fine details of a cell as seen with an electron microscope

Question 16

Functions of Membranes

Answer 16

• control what enters and leaves the cell
• give support to the cell
• recognise molecules that touch them

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

The control centre of the cell

Question 18

Nuclear pores

Answer 18

allow a type of RNA called mRNA to pass in and out of the nucleus

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

deoxyribonucleic acid, found in chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 20

Chromatin

Answer 20

the name given to chromosomes when they are not dividing

Question 21

RNA

Answer 21

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

the are in the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Question 23

Mitochondria

Answer 23

supply energy to the cell, they are the sites of respiration

Question 24

Cell/ plasma membrane

Answer 24

Thin skin made up of lipids and proteins that form a barrier between the cell contents and the outside of the cell, it is semi permeable

Question 25

Functions of the Nucleus

Answer 25

• directs growth, development and activities of the cell
• makes replicas of DNA for new cells
• carries out cell division
• instructs the formation of enzymes hormones

Question 26

Function of the mitochondria

Answer 26

respiration

Question 27

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 27

• doesn’t have a nucleus, organelles enclosed by membranes, mitochondria or chloroplasts
• singles celled organism
  -DNA found in the cytoplasm
• respiration and photosynthesis carried out in the infolding of the cell membrane

Question 28

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 28

• Nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes are present
• more advanced than prokaryotic cells
• larger than prokaryotic cells

Question 29

Ribosomes

Answer 29

make protein