Cell Structure Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and prokaryotic don’t.
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller.
Prokaryotic cells have a circular loop of DNA and plasmids whereas prokaryotic cells have double-stranded DNA
Draw an animal cell.
Draw a plant cell.
Draw a bacteria cell.
What is the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?
Plant cells contain chloroplasts, a cell wall and a cell vacuole and animal cells don’t.
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a bacteria cell?
The cell wall in plant cells is made of cellulose and in bacteria, their cell wall is made of meurin.
The ribosomes in a bacteria cell are much smaller compared to a plant or animal cell.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls what goes in and out of the cell.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It stores the cell’s DNA which controls the cell’s activities.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
releases energy and produces ATP through aerobic respiration.
Draw a mitochondrion?
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
The site of photosynthesis.
Draw a chloroplast?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processes and packages proteins and lipids. It can also make lysosomes.
What is the function of the Golgi vesicles?
Stores and transports proteins made by the Golgi apparatus.
What is the function of the lysosomes?
They contain lysozymes that digest invading cells and break down dead cell matter.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
The site of protein synthesis.
What is the function of the RER?
Fold and process proteins that have been made in the ribosomes.
What is the function of the SER ?
synthesis and processes lipids.
What is the function of the cell wall?
supports the cell.
What is the function of the cell vacuole?
Helps the cell maintain its shape.
What is the structure of a virus cell?
They contain a capsid, genetic material and attachment proteins.
Why are virus cells considered non-living?
They can’t survive on their own outside of a host cell. They don’t undergo cell division.
How does the structure of an epithelial cell relate to it’s function?
The surface of the small intestine have a lot of villi that increase the surface area for the absorption of food. The epithelial cell that make up the villi have a lot of microvilli that increase the surface area even more. They have a lot of mitochondria that release energy for the active transport of food molecules.
How does the structure of a red blood cell relate to its function?
It has no nucleus to make more space for oxygen. It has a biconcave shape which increases the surface area for the absorption of oxygen.
