Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology old > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

outline how to prepare a temporary mount for a light microscope

A

obtain thin section of tissue
place drop of water on tissue
stain tissue to make structures visible
add coverslip with mounted needle at 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe how light microscopes work

A

lens focus rays of light and magnify specimen
different structures absorb different wavelengths
reflected light transmitted to observer via objective lens and eyepiece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe how a transmission electron microscope works

A

pass high energy beams of electrons through thin specimen
more dense structures appear darker as absorbed more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe how a scanning electron microscope works

A

focus beam of electrons onto surface using electromagnetic lens
reflected electrons hit collecting device and amplified to produce image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe how a laser scanning confocal microscope works

A

focus laser beam using objective lens
fluorophores in the sample emit photons
light focused through a pinhole onto a detector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define magnification

A

how much bigger image is than specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define resolution

A

how detailed the image is-how well each point is distinguished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do samples need to be stained

A

coloured dyes bind to the structures
facilitates absorption of wavelengths of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe structure of nucleus

A

surrounded by nuclear envelope-semi permeable double membrane
nuclear pores allow substances to leave/enter
dense nucleolus made of RNA and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

contains DNA coiled around chromatin into chromosomes
controls cellular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

system of membranes enclosing fluid filled space
surface covered with ribosomes
folds and processes proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesises and processes lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe structure and function of the golgi apparatus

A

stack of membrane bound flattened sacs
cis face aligns with rough endoplasmic reticulum
modifies and packages proteins
synthesis of glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe structure of ribosomes

A

large subunit joins amino acids
small subunit with mRNA binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the relationship between the organelles involved in production and secretion of proteins

A

ribosomes that synthesis proteins are attached to the RER
golgi apparatus which modifies proteins for secretion aligns with the RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the structure of a mitochondrion

A

surrounded by a double membrane
folded inner membrane form cristae
fluid matrix contains respiratory enzymes

17
Q

describe structure of a chloroplast

A

double membrane
thylakoids (flattened discs) stack to form grana-contain photosystems
intergranal lamellae-tubes attaching thylakoids
stroma-fluid filled matrix

18
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

aerobic respiration to produce ATP

19
Q

what is the function of chloroplasts

A

photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy

20
Q

describe the structure and function of lysosomes

A

sac surrounded by single membrane
embedded H+ pump maintains acidic conditions
contains digestive enzymes
invades cells or breaks down components

21
Q

describe structure and function of plant cell wall

A

made of cellulose microfibrils for mechanical support
plasmodesmata form apoplast pathway to allow molecules to pass between cells

22
Q

what are bacterial and fungal cells made of

A

bacteria=peptidoglycan
fungi=chitin

23
Q

Describe the structure and function of centrioles

A

Spherical group of nine microtubules arranged in triplets
Migrate to opposite poles of cell during prophase

24
Q

Describe structure and function of plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins embedded
Isolates cytoplasm from environment
Selectively permeable to regulate transport of substances

25
Q

Explain role of cholesterol in cell surface membrane

A

Connects phospholipids and reduces fluidity

26
Q

Explain role of glycoproteins in cell surface membrane

A

Cell signalling, recognition and binding cells together

27
Q

describe the structure and function of flagella

A

hollow tube made of protein flagellin
rotates to propel organism

28
Q

describe the structure and function of cilia

A

hairlike protrusions
move back and forth to waft foreign substances away

29
Q

what is the importance of the cytoskeleton

A

provides mechanical strength
aids transport
enables cell movement

30
Q

what are the similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes

31
Q

what are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

prokaryotes smaller
prokaryotes have smaller ribosomes (70s) and eukaryotes have larger (80s)
prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles

Biology old (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions