Cell Structure Flashcards
Theory of Cells
all living things are composed of cell
basic functional unit of life
cells arising from pre-existing cells
cells have DNA as genetic material
The difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
multicellular/unicellular and contain membrane bound organelles
unicellular and does not contain membrane bound organelles
function of the nucleus
hold genetic information
function of the nucleolus
rRNA synthesis
function of the mitocondria
metabolic function and inducing apoptosis in cells
what organelle contains its own DNA
mitocondria
function of the lysosome
hydrolytic enzyme to break down substance
function of the ER
smooth ER— lipid synthesis and detox
rough ER—permits translation of proteins
what is the function of the golgi body
modification to cellular components
package in vesicles and secreted through exocytosis
cytoskeleton structure
microfilament
microtubules
intermediate filament
what are the difference between microtubules, microfilament, intermediate filament
hollow polymers of tubulin used for kinesins and dynein and centrioles for cell division
solid polymerized rods of actin–
cell-cell adhesion and maintenance of cytoskeleton
What are the different structural bacteria
cocci- spherical
bacilli- rod like
spirilli- spiral
what is the difference between gram negative and gram positive bacteria
negative- thin cell wall (low peptidoglycan)
positive- thick cell wall (high peptidoglycan)
do prokaryotes have mitocondria
no… they do etc through their cell membrane
how do prokaryotes reproduce
binary fission
how do bacteria increase their genetic diversity
genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation and or transduction)
what is transformation
integrating foreign genetic information to host
what is conjugation
a form of mating for bacteria
involves a conjugation bridge where the donor is male and the recipient is female and they exchange plasmids
what is transduction
transduction involves a bacteriophage that transduces its vector into the bacteria
what is the growth phase for bacteria
lag phase— exponential— stationary— death
what’s the difference between positive and negative sense
directly translates genome upon transfection
RNA strand template for translation
what is retrovirus
reverse transcription–cDNA integrates in host DNA
process of viral transduction
viral invasion, host cell lyses, fusion and extrusion
lytic vs lysogenic cycle
reproduction of the virus using host machinery cause cell to apoptosis
incorporation of the viral genome into the host DNA infecting the host permanently
