Cell Structure Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is a cell?
The smallest unit that which all living things are made up of.
What is a tissue?
A group of same cells working together to perform a specific function.
What is an organ?
A group of different or same tissues working together to perform a specific function.
What is an organ system?
Multiple organs performing different functions to perform an ultimate function that they all contribute to.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
The cells that multi cellular organisms are made up of.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell that unicellular organisms are made up of.
What are the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus containing linear DNA.
Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus but instead have circular DNA free floating in the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotes are geneally larger than prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes have ribosomes size 80s, prokaryotes have ribosomes size 70s.
Eukaryotes have membrane boundd organelles, prokaryotes do not.
Prokaryotes have slime capsules, eukaryotes do not.
What is a bacterial cell?
A unicellular organism which is a prokaryote.
What is an animal cell?
A eukaryotic cell which is part of a multicellular organism.
What is a plant cell?
A eukaryotic cell which is part of a multicellular organism.
What is a fungal cell?
A eukaryotic cell which is part of a multicellular organism.
What is a virus?
An acellular, non living mechanism.
What are all the cellular structures in an animal cell?
-Surface cell membrane.
-Nucleus.
-Nucleolus.
-Nuclear envelope.
-Ribosomes.
-Mitochondria.
-RER.
-SER.
-Golgi apparatus.
-Lysosomes.
-Centrioles.
-Vacuoles.
-Microtubules.
-Microfilaments.
What are all the cellular structures in a plant cell?
-Surface cell membrane.
-Nucleus.
-Nucleolus.
-Nuclear envelope.
-Ribosomes.
-Mitochondria.
-RER.
-SER.
-Golgi apparatus.
-Lysosomes.
-Centrioles.
-Vacuoles.
-Microtubules.
-Microfilaments.
-Cell wall.
-Large permanent vacuole.
-Plasmodesmata.
-Chloroplasts (not in all plant cells).
What are all the cellular structures in a bacterial cell?
NO membrane bound organelles.
-DNA loop.
-Plasmids.
-Cell membrane.
-Murein cell wall.
-70s ribosomes.
Some have:
-Slime capsule.
-Flagella.
-Pilli.
What are all the structures in a virus?
-Capsid.
-Genetic material.
-Attachment proteins.
-Envelope.
What is the nucleus’ structure and function?
It is genetic material called the chromatid and a nucleolus containing RNA all bound by a nuclear envelope, which is double membrane, containing nuclear pores.
Its function is to store genetic material and it is the site of DNA replication and transcription.
What is the golgi apparatus’ structure and function?
It is flattened membrane sacs that bud off at the ends.
It modifies proteins sent from the RER and packages them in golgi vesicles.
It also buds off to produce lysosomes.
What is a vesicle’s structure and function?
It is a hollow sphere of cell membrane that stores and transports substances around the cell.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum’s structure and function?
Flattened membrane sacs close to the nucleus, sometimes even extending from the nuclear envelope. It has ribosomes across its surface.
It is the site of protein synthesis and sends the proteins formed in transfer vesicles to the golgi apparatus.
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum’s structure and function?
Flattened membrane sacs and has NO ribosomes. It can be located anywhere in the cytoplasm.
It is involved in the production and packaging of lipids.
What is the mitochondrion’s structure and function?
It has a smooth outer membrane and a folded inner membrane. The ends of the folds are called cristae. The internal environment of the mitochondrion is called the matrix and it contains DNA, from the organism’s mother, and enzymes.
It is the site of aerobic respiration.
What is the large permanent vacuole’s structure and function?
It is a pocket of space in the cytoplasm of a plant cell, contained by a membrane called the tonoplast.
It contributes to keeping the plant cell turgid and can also temporarily store sugars and amino acids. Pigments in the large vacuole may colour petals to attract pollinators.
What is the ribosome’s structure and function?
In prokaryotes it is 70s, in eukaryotes it is 80s. It is NOT a membrane bound organelle. It is made up of two subunits, one smaller than the other, of protein and rRNA.
It is the site of protein synthesis.
