Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell?
A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a cytoskeleton.
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Nuclear pores allow the transport the mRNA to leave and enter the nuclues and hormones aswell.
What is the nuclear envelope?
The nuclear envelope is a double membrane that seperates the cells contents from the nucleus.
What is chromatin?
Chromatin is genetic material (DNA and histone proteins) that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
What is the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is a structure within the nucleus where RNA is produced.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a network of flattened membrane bound sacs called cisternae. They are continuous with the nuclear pores. They also have ribosomes on their surface. Protein sinthesis occurs here.
What is the relationship between the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum?
The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
What is the Cisternae
Contiuous with neclear membrane and forms channels to transport sustances (proteins to golgi)
What is the role of enzymes in the cell?
Enzymes are involved in metabolic processes and help in the synthesis of proteins.
What is the structure of mitochondria?
(double membrane) Mitochondria have an outer membrane and an inner membra. The inner membrane is folded into cristae. They also have a fluid filled matrix.
What shape can mitochondria have?
Mitochondria can be shaped like spherical , rod shaped or branched forms.
THEY HAVE THEIR OWN DNA
What is the role of mitochondria?
It is to generates ATP which is used for aerobic respiration.
What are secretory vesicles?
Secretory vesicles contain modified proteins that will be secreted coming for the Golgi apparatus
What do vesicles contain?
Vesicles contain various substances, including proteins.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. By adding sugar to make glycoproteins and adding lipids to make lipoproteines
Structure of Golgi?
A stack of membrane bound flattened sacs.
What do lysosomes do? And what is their structure like?
Contain powerful digestive enzymes which are used to break down materials by hydrolysis. Their structure is like a spherical sac surrounded by a membrane.
What does the smooth endoplasmic recticulum do? And its structure?
Cisternae (continuous with nuclear membrane) to transport lipids, it has no ribosomes here and has enzymes involved in lipid metabolism and synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism
What is the function of the ribosome.
Function: It is the site of protein synthesis. (Where the mRNA assemebles proteins from amino acids)
What is the structure of a chloroplast?
They have an outer and a inner membrane. They have fluid filled matarix called stroma (where second stage of photosynthesis happens) They also have a network of flattend disk called thylakiod (these are continous with the inner membrane). Each disk is called a granum ( first stage of photosynthesis).
What is the function of chloroplast?
It is the site of photosynthesis which is driven by light energy.
What does the Plasma/ Cell surface membrane do?
It controles what enters and exits the cell. Made out of phospholipid bilayer.
What are centriols?
They are two bundles of microtubules at right angles made of tubulin protein. They take part in mitosis to form spindle fibres.
Cell wall (plant cell) what does it do?
It provides high tensile strength, it is insoluble and inert. It is made of cellulose.
- Maintains high cell shape
- provides to strength and support of the whole plant.
- Also are permable.
