Cell structure

Question 1

cell membrane D+F

Answer 1

• made of phospholipid bilayer and surrounds cell
• controls what goes in and out of cell

Question 2

cell wall D+F

Answer 2

• made of cellulose
  provides structure

Question 3

nucleus D+F

Answer 3

• surrounded by nuclear envelope to allow RNA to pass through, nucleolus (dense area of DNA)
• contains DNA, controls cell through DNA transcription

Question 4

lysosome D+F

Answer 4

• vesicle surrounded by membrane
• phagocytosis in WBC, breaks down non useful parts, protects cytoplasm

Question 5

ribosome D+F

Answer 5

• attached to RER, made of protein and RNA
• site for protein synthesis

Question 6

RER

Answer 6

• fluid filled membrane sacs with ribosomes attached, close to nucleus
• site of protein folding

Question 7

SER D+F

Answer 7

• fluid filled membrane sacs with no ribosomes, - produces and packages lipids

Question 8

vesicle D+F

Answer 8

• small fluid filled sac with membrane
• transports substance in and out of cell

Question 9

Golgi apparatus D+F

Answer 9

• fluid filled sac with vesicles
• final stage in producing lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

Question 10

chloroplast D+F

Answer 10

• double membrane, membranous flattened sacs (thylakoid membrane containing chlorophyll), stacked granum, linked by lamella
• absorbs light for photosynthesis

Question 11

mitochondria D+F

Answer 11

• outer membrane and inner folded membrane, form crista
• site of aerobic respiration

Question 12

centriole D+F

Answer 12

• blocks of microtubules, hollow in middle
• separates chromosomes in cell division

Question 13

cillia D+F

Answer 13

• microtubules in 9+2 arrangement
• wafts mucus in trachea

Question 14

microfilaments D+F

Answer 14

• made of actin
• cell movement and contraction in cytokinesis

Question 15

microtubules D+F

Answer 15

• globular tubulin proteins
• polymerise to scaffold cell for shape

Question 16

light microscope magnification + resolution

Answer 16

1500x
200nm

Question 17

light microscope advantages + disadvantages

Answer 17

• easy, cheap, living organisms
• cant see small organelles, 2d image

Question 18

transmission electron microscope mag + res

Answer 18

2,000,000x
0.5nm

Question 19

scanning electron microscope mag + res

Answer 19

500,000x
3-10nm

Question 20

TEM advantages + disadvantages

Answer 20

• small organelles can be seen
• b+w images, 2d, dead specimens, long process, thin specimen

Question 21

SEM advantages + disadvantages

Answer 21

• 3d, small organelles, detailed
• b+w, dead specimens, lower res

Question 22

structures always present in prokaryote

Answer 22

cell wall (peptidoglycan, murein), cell membrane, cytoplasm, circular DNA, ribosomes(70s)

Question 23

structures sometimes present in prokaryotes

Answer 23

flagellum, capsule, infolding of cell membrane, plasmids, pili

Question 24

purpose of plasmids

Answer 24

contain genes that can be passed between prokaryotes

Question 25

purpose of capsule

Answer 25

protects bacteria from drying out and from attacks by cells from immune system of host

Question 26

production and exocytosis of proteins

Answer 26

- nucleolus manufactures ribosomes for PS in RER - nucleus makes mRNA for ribosomes to make proteins - ribosomes in RER make proteins - RER processes them, sent to golgi body in vesicles - sends to plasma membrane - vesicle fuses to secrete protein

Question 27

units

Answer 27

x10 -> x1000 -> x1000 cm -> mm -> um -> nm