Cell structure Flashcards
(14 cards)
Electron micrograph
A photograph of an image seen using an electron microscope.
Magnification
The number of times larger an image appears, compared with the size of the object.
Organelles
Small structures within cells, each of which has a specific function.
Photomicrograph
A photograph of an image seen using an optical microscope.
Resolution
The clarity of an image; the higher the resolution, the clearer the image.
Eyepiece graticule
A measuring device. It is placed in the eyepiece of a microscope and acts as a ruler when you view an object under the microscope.
Stage graticule
A precise measuring device. It is a small scale that is placed on the microscope stage and used to calibrate the value of eyepiece divisions at different magnifications.
Differential staining
Stains that bind to specific cell structures, staining each structure differently so the structures can be easily identified within a single preparation.
Cytoskeletal motor proteins
Molecular motors such as myosins, kinesins and dyneins.
Hydrolysis reaction
A reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water.
Binary fission
A type of division found in prokaryotic cells and organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Gene
A length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide or for a length of RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression.
Transcription
The process of making messenger RNA from a DNA template.
Translation
Formation of a proteins, at ribosomes, by assembling amino acids into a particular sequence according to the coded instructions carried from DNA to the ribosome by mRNA.
