Cell Structure Flashcards
1
Q
What is a cell?
A
- It is the smallest unit of life.
- Consists of organelles and different cells have different roles and functions within an organism.
2
Q
What are the four building blocks of an organism?
A
- Cell: smallest living unit of life.
- Tissue: mades up of a group of cells that have a specific function.
- Organ: a collection of specialised tissues that perform a specific function.
- Organism: a living thing which is made up of cells, tissues and organs.
3
Q
What are some differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A
- Eukaryotes are multicellular and unicellular.
- Prokaryotes are unicellular.
- Eukaryotes contain a nucleus and prokaryotes do not.
- Eukaryotes can be found in humans, animals and plants.
- Prokaryotes are found in bacteria.
4
Q
what is a single nerve cell?
A
- They are branched cells and they conduct electrical signals throughout the body.
- They are branched.
- Responsible for the five senses.
5
Q
What is a muscle cell?
A
- They are specialised cells that help the body to contract and for movement.
- There are three types of muscle in the body and they are skeletal, cardiac and smooth.
6
Q
What is a paramecium cell?
A
- It is a eukaryotic cells.
- Most abundant in ponds and lives in stagnant warm water.
- Can eat pathogenic fungi.
7
Q
What is Chlamydomonas?
A
- It is a genus of algae.
- Can be found all over the world such as soil, ocean and fresh water.
8
Q
What is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
A
- It is a yeast cell.
- It contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
- Used for baking bread.
9
Q
What is Helicobacter pylori?
A
- It is a gram negative bacteria; has a thinner peptidoglycan wall and is pink/red in colour when stained.
- Causes stomach ulcers.
10
Q
What are epithelial cells in humans?
A
- They are the cells that make up the skin.
- They form protective barriers in tissue.
- They cover the inner and outer body cavities.
- Cells can be found in the ducts and glands too.
11
Q
What is connective tissue?
A
- Supports and protects the organs in the body.
- Provides structure for other tissues in the body.
- Can be specialised.
12
Q
What is lividity?
A
- It is a process that occurs after death and it is when the skin turns bluish/purple in colour.
- Associated with liver mortis.
- The process occurs as there is no more blood being pumped around the body and gravity pulls the blood down, allowing it to pool at the lowest part of the body.
13
Q
Which five molecules can be found in cells?
A
- Water
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
- Amino acids
- Nucleotides
14
Q
What are specialised cells?
A
The are cells that perform a specific function in the body.
15
Q
Describe water
A
- It is a universal solvent.
- Most substances can be dissolved in water.
- Contain hydrogen bonding which is the strongest type of intermolecular force.
- A high boiling point is required to break the intermolecular forces.
16
Q
Describe the effect of carbon dioxide on the body.
A
- Carbon dioxide can bind to haemoglobin and when this happens the affinity for haemoglobin decreases and this is due to the hydrogen concentration increasing.
- Hyperventilation and hypoventilation can occur.
17
Q
What is hyperventilation and hypoventilation in terms to carbon dioxide?
A
- Hyperventilation is when there is an increase in breathing.
- Hypoventilation is when there is a decrease in breathing; shallow breathing.
18
Q
Describe the effects of carbon monoxide on the body.
A
- CO is a poisonous gas and when it diffuses into the blood by entering via the lungs hypoxia occurs.
- Hypoxia is when CO binds to haemoglobin and it is a irreversible reaction.
- Carbon monoxide can not dissociate itself from haemoglobin once bounded to it.
19
Q
A
