Cell Structure

Question 1

Define magnification

Answer 1

The number of times larger an images appears, compared w/ the size of the object

Question 2

Define resolution

Answer 2

The clarity of an image; the higher the resolution the clearer the image

Question 3

Types of microscopes

Answer 3

Optical (light) microscopes
Laser scanning microscopes
Transmission electron microscope
Scanning electron microscopes

Question 4

Magnification of optical microsopes

Answer 4

x2000

Question 5

Types of stains

Answer 5

Methylene blue
Acetic orcein
Sudan red
Eosin
Iodine in potassium iodide

Question 6

What’s the differences between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell

Answer 6

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles but eukaryotes do. Ribosomes in prokaryotes are 70S and in eukaryotes are in 80S

Question 7

Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 7

Both have a cell membrane, DNA , ribosomes (but are different sizes) and cytoplasm

Question 8

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

Question 9

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 9

Makes ribosomes.

Question 10

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Answer 10

Synthesizes and transports proteins; covered in ribosomes.

Question 11

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Answer 11

Synthesises and transports lipids.

Question 12

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

Modifies, packages and transports proteins and lipids.

Question 13

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 13

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.

Question 14

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 14

Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and pathogens.

Question 15

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 15

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 16

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 16

Involved in spindle formation during cell division.

Question 17

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 17

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 18

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 18

Provides structural support; made of cellulose in plants.

Question 19

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

Answer 19

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 20

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 20

Stores cell sap and maintains cell turgor in plant cells.

Question 21

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 21

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have them.

Question 22

Name one structure found in plant cells but not animal cells.

Answer 22

Chloroplast, cell wall, or large permanent vacuole.

Question 23

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 23

Supports cell shape, aids in transport, and allows movement of organelles.

Question 24

What is an ultrastructure?

Answer 24

Detailed structure of a cell observed using an electron microscope.

Question 25

What’s the difference between TEM and SEM microscopes?

Answer 25

TEM gives 2D high resolution of internal structure; SEM gives 3D images of surfaces.

Question 26

What is magnification?

Answer 26

How many times larger the image is compared to the actual object.

Question 27

What is resolution?

Answer 27

The ability to distinguish two close objects as separate.

Question 28

What does the stain 'Methylene Blue' stain and what colour does it produce?

Answer 28

Stains: DNA, nucleus Colour: Blue Used for: Highlighting nuclei in animal cells

Question 29

What does the stain 'Iodine (in KI solution)' stain and what colour does it produce?

Answer 29

Stains: Starch Colour: Blue-black (in starch) Used for: Identifying starch in plant cells

Question 30

What does the stain 'Eosin' stain and what colour does it produce?

Answer 30

Stains: Cytoplasm, proteins Colour: Pink/red Used for: Animal tissues – cytoplasm

Question 31

What does the stain 'Haematoxylin' stain and what colour does it produce?

Answer 31

Stains: DNA, RNA, nuclei Colour: Blue/purple Used for: Histology with eosin (H&E stain)

Question 32

What does the stain 'Acetic Orcein' stain and what colour does it produce?

Answer 32

Stains: Chromosomes (DNA) Colour: Red/purple Used for: Viewing mitosis chromosomes

Question 33

What does the stain 'Sudan III / IV' stain and what colour does it produce?

Answer 33

Stains: Lipids Colour: Red/orange Used for: Identifying fat droplets

Question 34

What does the stain 'Nile Blue' stain and what colour does it produce?

Answer 34

Stains: Nucleic acids (blue), Lipids (red) Colour: Blue (nucleic acids), Red (lipids) Used for: Differentiating nucleic acids and lipids