Cell Structure 2.1

Question 1

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 1

Measured length / actual length = magnification

Question 2

Name organelles in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

• RER
• SER
• nucleus
• nucleolus
• golgi apparatus
• centriole
• mitochondria
• lysosome
• vesicles

Question 3

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

• provides structure

- controls organelles that enter and leave cell

Question 4

What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

Answer 4

• surrounds cell

- composed of phospholipid bi-layer

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

• contains coded genetic information
• directs protein synthesis
• controls metabolism

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 6

• produces ribosomes

- rewrites ribosomal DNA and combines with proteins

Question 7

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 7

• protects DNA from damage

- contains nuclear pores

Question 8

What is the structure of the nucleolus?

Answer 8

Small dense spherical structure

Question 9

What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 9

Has pores which allow passage of materials into and out of cell

Question 10

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 10

• large and small subunit made of ribosomal dna

- some free in cytoplasm

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 11

• bound to RER for synthesising proteins

- free in cytoplasm to assemble proteins that are used outside of cell

Question 12

What is the structure of RER?

Answer 12

• contains ribosomes to increase surface area

- system of fluid filled membranes

Question 13

What is the function of the RER?

Answer 13

• part of protein production

- provides large surface area for ribosomes to assemble amino acids into proteins

Question 14

What is the structure of the SER?

Answer 14

• doesn’t contain ribosomes

- system of fluid filled membranes

Question 15

What is the function of the SER?

Answer 15

synthesis lipids and steroid hormones

Question 16

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 16

-membrane bound sacs

Question 17

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 17

modifies proteins which are packaged into vesicles

Question 18

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 18

• fluid filled matrix
• inner membrane folded (Cristae)
• self replicating
• big surface area

Question 19

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 19

• produce ATP

- regulate metabolism

Question 20

What is the structure of the microvillus?

Answer 20

• microscopic cellular membrane
• increase surface area to increase diffusion
• contain microtubules

Question 21

What is the function of microvillus?

Answer 21

Involved in absorption, secretion and cellular adhesion

Question 22

What is the structure of the cilium?

Answer 22

• hair like extensions
• surrounded by membrane
• contains micro-tubules

Question 23

What is the function of the cilium?

Answer 23

• clear passage ways of pathogens

- reports detected signals signals about immediate environment

Question 24

What is the structure of the flagellum?

Answer 24

• whip like extensions
• longer than cilia
• surrounded by extension of cell membrane

Question 25

What is the function of flagellum?

Answer 25

- enables mobility in cells | - detect chemical changes

Question 26

Name some plant only organelles.

Answer 26

- chloroplast - cell wall - plasmadesma - vacuole

Question 27

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Answer 27

- contains chlorophyll - enables photosynthesis - absorb sun light

Question 28

What is the structure of the chloroplast?

Answer 28

- surrounded by double membrane | - contains stacks of membranes (thylakoids)

Question 29

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 29

- protective - semi permeable - provides support and structure - filters molecules that move into and out of cell

Question 30

What is the structure of the cell wall?

Answer 30

-made of cellulose

Question 31

What is the structure of the plasmadesma?

Answer 31

- gaps in cell wall in between cells (water can pass through) - important for transpiration - surrounded by membrane (tonoplast)

Question 32

What is the structure of the large vacuole?

Answer 32

- unique to plants | - contains water and sugars

Question 33

How does the cytoskeleton provide mechanical strength?

Answer 33

- strong (made of fibrous proteins and micro filaments) | - repetition of single unit forms chains

Question 34

How does the cytoskeleton aid in transport within cells?

Answer 34

provides tracks with protein filaments (moves self to move whole organelle)

Question 35

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 35

Tubilin

Question 36

What is the structure of the lysosome?

Answer 36

- contains hydrolytic enzymes - former by golgi - surrounded by single membrane

Question 37

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 37

- keep hydrolytic enzymes separate from rest of cell | - can engulf organelles/foreign matter, digests them and reuse components

Question 38

What is the structure of the centrioles?

Answer 38

- composed of microtubules at right angles to each other | - made of tubulin protein subunits

Question 39

What is the function of the centriole?

Answer 39

form spindle