Cell Structure (4&28)

Question 1

cytoplasm

Answer 1

fluid inside the cell (cytosol + solutes)

Question 2

eukaryote

Answer 2

cell with nucleus and internal membrane

Question 3

prokaryote

Answer 3

cell with no nucleus or internal membranes

Question 4

peptidoglycan

Answer 4

protein in bacterial cell walls

Question 5

gram positive bacteria

Answer 5

easily defeated by antibiotics due to peptidoglycan wall

Question 6

gram negative bacteria

Answer 6

not easily defeated by antibiotics due to lack of peptidoglycan wall

Question 7

plasmid

Answer 7

molecule of DNA which is not part of a chromosome

Question 8

organelle

Answer 8

structure inside cell with a specific function

Question 9

cell theory

Answer 9

1. all organisms are composed of cells
2. cells are the smallest living things
3. cells only made from other cells

Question 10

what are the 3 domains

Answer 10

bacteria, archaea and eukarya

Question 11

why is cell size limited

Answer 11

they rely on diffusion to move materials and diffusion is only quick over short distances.

Question 12

according to ficks law of diffusion what is the speed of diffusion affected by

Answer 12

1. distance (thickness of membrane)
2. concentration gradient
3. surface area
4. membrane permeability
5. temperature

Question 13

what are 4 things all cells have

Answer 13

cell membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

Question 14

4 classifications of eukaryotes

Answer 14

protists
plants
animals
fungi

Question 15

2 classifications of prokaryotes

Answer 15

archaea

bacteria

Question 16

do eukaryotes or prokaryotes have internal membranes

Answer 16

eukaryotes

Question 17

characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 17

• unicellular
• small
• genome is one loop of double stranded DNA
• cell division done by binary fission
• evolve within a generation
• no internal compartments

Question 18

conjugation (prokaryotic evolution)

Answer 18

cell to cell contact via plasmids

Question 19

transduction (prokaryotic evolution)

Answer 19

made by mistakes in the lysogenic cycle

Question 20

transformation (prokaryotic evolution)

Answer 20

picking up DNA from the environment

Question 21

bacteria vs archaea plasma membrane

Answer 21

bacteria have ester bonds

archaea have ether bonds

Question 22

bacteria vs archaea cell wall

Answer 22

bacteria have peptidoglycan

cell wall has aa’s and carbs

Question 23

bacteria vs archaea gene expression

Answer 23

archaea= eukaryotes

bacteria=different ribosomes and codons

Question 24

Archaeal diversity crenarchaeota

Answer 24

extreme temperatures or PH

Question 25

Archaeal diversity euryarchaeota

Answer 25

methanogens & halophiles

Question 26

Archaeal diversity korarchaeota

Answer 26

everything else

Question 27

Bacterial diversity bacillus

Answer 27

rod shaped

Question 28

Bacterial diversity coccus

Answer 28

spherical

Question 29

Bacterial diversity spirillum

Answer 29

spiral shaped

Question 30

cytoskeleton

Answer 30

- protein fibers - -determines shape - keep organelles in same spot - moves vesicles

Question 31

endomembrane system

Answer 31

series of membranes within cell - divides cell - major difference between proks and euks

Question 32

vesicles

Answer 32

isolate material from the rest of the cell

Question 33

nucleus

Answer 33

stores DNA

Question 34

nucleuoles

Answer 34

region where rRNA for ribosomes are made

Question 35

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 35

RER- ribosomes to make proteins | SER- synthesis for carbs, lipid and steroids

Question 36

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 36

stack of membranes | -protein folding

Question 37

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 37

stack of membranes | -protein folding

Question 38

mitochondria

Answer 38

inner membrane folded for surface area | -has enzymes that carry out aerobic respiration

Question 39

chloroplasts

Answer 39

- thylakoids (inner membranes) - | - contain chlorophyll

Question 40

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 40

animal cells don't have cell walls | -secrete glycoproteins as a protective layer

Question 41

tight junction (cell connections)`

Answer 41

connected plasma membrane

Question 42

desmosome (cell connections)

Answer 42

connected cytoskeletons

Question 43

Gap junction (cell connections)

Answer 43

pore for chemical signals