Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Smallest living unit
Most are microscopic

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Cells are small for them to _____ _____

Answer 2

easily survive

Question 3

Observe silver of cork
Saw “row of empty boxes”
Coined the term cell

Answer 3

Robert Hooke (mid-1600s)

Question 4

“ All living things are made out of cells”

Answer 4

Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden

Question 5

“ All cells come from cells “

Answer 5

Rudolf Virchow

Question 6

Principles of Cell Theory

Answer 6

All living things are made of cells or All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Smallest or basic unit of life and function of all organisms is the cell
All cells arise from preexisting cells (thus principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation)

Question 7

Characteristics of All Cells

Answer 7

A surrounding membrane
Protoplasm - cell contents in thick fluid
Organelles - structures for cell function
Control center with DNA

Question 8

First cell type on earth
Cell type of _____ and _____
No membrane bounding the nucleus
Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
Organelles not bound by membranes

Answer 8

Prokaryotic cell; Bacteria and Archaea

Question 9

Nucleus bound by membrane
Include ____, ______, _____, and _______ _____
Possess many organelles

Answer 9

fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells

Question 10

Cellular machinery
Two general kinds
- _________
- _________

Answer 10

Organelles
Derived from membranes
Bacteria-like organelles

Question 11

Derived from symbiotic bacteria
Ancient association

Answer 11

Bacteria-Like Organelles

Question 12

Evolution of modern cells from cells & symbiotic bacteria

Answer 12

Endosymbiotic Theory

Question 13

Contains cell contents
Double layer of __________ & ______

Answer 13

Cell Membrane; phospolipids and proteins

Question 14

Polar
- Hydrophylic head
- Hydrophobic tail
Interacts with water

Answer 14

Phospholipids

Question 15

A few molecules move freely Across the Plasma Membrane

Answer 15

Water, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen

Question 16

Carrier proteins transport some molecules

Answer 16

Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer
(Fluid Mosaic Model) describes fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins

Question 17

Move molecules in one direction

Answer 17

Channels or transporters

Question 18

Recognize certain chemicals

Answer 18

Receptors

Question 19

Identify cell type

Answer 19

Glycoproteins

Question 20

Catalyze production of substances

Answer 20

Enzymes

Question 21

Found in plants, fungi, and many protists
Surrounds plasma membrane

Answer 21

Cell Wall

Question 22

Cell Wall that is made up of mostly cellulose

Answer 22

Plants

Question 23

Cell Wall that contains chitin

Answer 23

Fungi

Question 24

Viscous fluid containing organelles
Fluid = _____

Answer 24

Cytoplasm; cytosol

Question 25

Filaments & fibers

Answer 25

Cytoskeleton

Question 26

Cytoskeleton is Made of 3 fiber types

Answer 26

Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments

Question 27

3 functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 27

Mechanical support Anchor organelles Help move substances

Question 28

Provide motility Basal bodies like centrioles

Answer 28

Cilia & Flagella

Question 29

Short Used to move substances outside human cells

Answer 29

Cilia

Question 30

Whip-like extensions Found on sperm cells

Answer 30

Flagella

Question 31

Cilia & Flagella Structure

Answer 31

Bundles of microtubules With plasma membrane

Question 32

Pairs of microtubular structures Play a role in cell division

Answer 32

Centrioles

Question 33

Functional components with cytoplasm Bound by membranes

Answer 33

Membranous Organelles

Question 34

Control center of the cell Double membrane

Answer 34

Nucleus

Question 35

Nucleus contains ______ and _____

Answer 35

Chromosomes Nucleolus

Question 36

Separates nucleus from the rest of the cell Double membrane Has pores

Answer 36

Nuclear Envelope

Question 37

Hereditary material Chromosomes - ____ - ________ - _____________ Chromatin

Answer 37

DNA; DNA, PROTEINS, FORM THE CELL DIVISION

Question 38

Most cells have 2 or more ________ Directs synthesis of RNA Forms ribosomes

Answer 38

Nucleolus

Question 39

Helps move substances within cells Network of interconnected membranes

Answer 39

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 40

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 tyoes

Answer 40

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 41

Ribosomes attached to surface - Manufacture proteins - Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER May modify proteins from ribosomes

Answer 41

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 42

No attached ribosomes Has enzymes that help build molecules - Carbohydrates - Lipids

Answer 42

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum