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GENERAL BIOLOGY > Invitation to Biology > Flashcards

Invitation to Biology Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

Fundamental building block of all matter

A

Atom

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3
Q

An association of two or more atoms

A

Molecule

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4
Q

Unique properties of life emerge from the interactions of these components

A

Cell & Organism

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5
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cell

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6
Q

An individual; consists of one or more cells

A

Organism

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7
Q

Group of individuals of a species in a given area

A

Population

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8
Q

All populations of all species in a given area

A

Community

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9
Q

A community interacting with its environment

A

Ecosystem

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10
Q

All regions of Earth that hold life

A

Biosphere

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11
Q

All living things have similar characteristics

A

Require ongoing inputs of energy and raw materials
Sense and respond to change
Pass DNA to offspring

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12
Q

Organisms Require ____ and _____

A

Energy and Nutrients

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12
Q

Organisms Require ____ and _____

A

Energy and Nutrients

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13
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

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14
Q

Substance that is necessary for survival, but that an organism can’t make for itself

A

Nutrient

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15
Q

Make own food using energy and simple raw materials from nonbiological sources
Example: photosynthesis in plants

A

Producers

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16
Q

Obtain energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms
Example: animals

A

Consumers

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17
Q

Process by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within a range that favors survival by sensing and responding to change

A

Homeostasis

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18
Q

Organisms ___, ______, and _______

A

grow, develop, and reproduce

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19
Q

Increase in size, volume, and number of cells in multicelled species

A

Growth

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20
Q

Process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult

A

Development

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21
Q

Process by which individuals produce offspring

A

Reproduction

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22
Q

Transmission of DNA to offspring

A

Inheritance

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23
Q

Carries hereditary information that guides development and other activities
Source of life’s diversity

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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24
Q

Scope of variation among living organisms

A

Biodiversity

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25
Q

Organisms can be grouped based on whether they have a _____

A

Nucleus

26
Q

Saclike structure containing cell’s DNA

A

Nucleus

27
Q

Single celled organisms in which DNA is not contained in a nucleus

A

Prokaryotes, specifically Bacteria and Archaea

28
Q

Most numerous organisms on Earth

A

Bacteria

29
Q

More closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria

A

Archaea

30
Q

Organisms whose DNA is contained within nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

31
Q

Simplest eukaryotes with great diversity

A

Protists

32
Q

Eukaryotic consumer that breakdown food externally

A

Fungi

33
Q

Usually a multicelled, photosynthetic producer

A

Plant

34
Q

Multicelled consumer that ingest food or juices of other organisms

A

Animal

35
Q

Practice of naming and classifying species

A

Taxonomy

36
Q

Characteristics of life

A

cellular organization
reproduction
metabolism
homeostasis
hereditary
response to stimuli
growth & development
adaption through evaluation

37
Q

Unit of classification

A

Taxon

38
Q

Taxonomic Classification

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

39
Q

A group of organisms that share a unique set of traits

A

Taxon

40
Q

Three-domain Classification

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

41
Q

Six-kingdom classification system

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals

42
Q

_____ ____ defined a species as one or more groups of individuals that potentially can interbreed, produce fertile offspring, and do not interbreed with other groups

A

Ernst Mayr

43
Q

Deliberate process of judging the quality of information before accepting it

A

Critical thinking

44
Q

Systematic study of the observable world

A

Science

45
Q

Testable explanation for a natural phenomenon.

A

Hypothesis

46
Q

Systematically making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses

A

Scientific method

47
Q

Statement, based on a hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct

A

Prediction

48
Q

Analogous system used for testing hypotheses

A

Model

49
Q

Test designed to support or falsify a prediction

A

Experiment

50
Q

Characteristic that differs among individuals or over time

A

Variable

51
Q

Group of individuals who have certain characteristic or receive a certain treatment

A

Experimental group

52
Q

Group not exposed to the independent variable being tested

A

Control group

53
Q

Test results

A

Data

54
Q

Scientists typically design experiments that will yield _____ _______

A

quantitative results

55
Q

Data that can be measured or gathered objectively

A

quantitative results

56
Q

Difference between results obtained from a subset and results from the whole

A

Sampling error

57
Q

The measure, expressed as a percentage, of the chance that a particular outcome will occur

A

Probability

58
Q

Refers to result that has very low probability of occurring by chance alone

A

Statistically significant

59
Q

Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing

A

Scientific Theories

60
Q

What makes one a scientific theory

A

Consistent with all the data ever gathered
Helps make successful predications about other phenomena
Can never be proven absolutely
Can be disproven by a single observation or result that is inconsistent with it

61
Q

Phenomenon observed to occur in every circumstance without fail
Without a complete scientific explanation

A

Law of nature

62
Q

An objective way of describing the natural world

A

The Scope of Science

GENERAL BIOLOGY (6 decks)

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