Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Passive Transport

Answer 1

No energy (high—>low)

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

substance moves high to low

Question 3

greater the concentration the faster it…

Answer 3

Diffuses

Question 4

Diffusion occurs in membrane channels…

Answer 4

H2O, CO2, O2

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (high—>low)

Question 6

Filtration

Answer 6

movement of fluid through a partition containing small holes

Question 7

Active Transport

Answer 7

Requires energy (ATP) input of energy (low—>high)

Question 8

Vesicle Transport

Answer 8

Droplets bound by a membrane can be used to move materials in and out of a cell

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis

Question 10

Phagocytosis

Answer 10

Cell eating- (movement of solid particles into the cell)

Question 11

Pinocytosis

Answer 11

Cell drinking- (smaller vesicles form that contain liquid)

Question 12

Exocytosis

Answer 12

Vesicles gather inside the cell, bind to the membrane and eliminate from the cell.

Question 13

Plasma membrane

Answer 13

Outer boundary of cell - Regulates movement in and out

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Contains DNA - Regulates cell activities

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

Site of ribosome synthesis in nucleus

Question 16

Ribosome

Answer 16

Site of protein synthesis

Question 17

Rough ER

Answer 17

Protein synthesis

Question 18

Smooth ER

Answer 18

Lipid synthesis

Question 19

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 19

Modifies proteins and packages them into vesicles

Question 20

Secretory Vesicle

Answer 20

Carries material produced in the cell to the plasma membrane where they are released

Question 21

Lysosome

Answer 21

Contains enzymes that digest materials taken into the cell

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

Sites of ATP synthesis

Question 23

Cilia

Answer 23

Moves substances over the surface of cells

Question 24

Flagella

Answer 24

move sperm cells

Question 25

Microvilli

Answer 25

Increase the surface area of cells - Promote absorption and secretion of materials

Question 26

Cytoplasm

Answer 26

The cellular material inside the plasma menbrane

Question 27

Water Channels

Answer 27

Aquaporins

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

Solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved substances and a higher concentration of water than the cytoplasm of the cell (+)

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

Solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved substances and a lower concentration of water than the cytoplasm of the cell (-)

Question 30

Lysis

Answer 30

Cell swelling

Question 31

Crenation

Answer 31

cell shrinkage

Question 32

Transcription

Answer 32

The process of forming mRNA from DNA by copying the DNA code.

Question 33

Translation

Answer 33

Synthesis of proteins at the ribosomes in response to information contained in mRNA

Question 34

Steps of Protein Synthesis

Answer 34

1. DNA is copied. 2. mRNA passes to the cytoplasm. 3. tRNA transports amino acids. 4. Proteins are formed.

Question 35

Mitosis

Answer 35

Process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 36

Interphase

Answer 36

The period between active cell division - DNA found as thin strands of chromatin in the nucleus

Question 37

Prophase

Answer 37

The chromatin condenses into chromosomes - centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 38

Metaphase

Answer 38

The chromosomes align in the center of the cell - spindle fibers attach

Question 39

Anaphase

Answer 39

The chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell

Question 40

Telophase

Answer 40

The nuclear membrane reforms and the cytoplasm begins to divide into two cells

Question 41

Differentiation

Answer 41

The process by which cells develop specialized structures and functions

Question 42

Isotonic

Answer 42

same concentration of dissolved substances and water (=)