Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Cell theory
All organisms are made up of cells, all existing cells are produced by other living cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life
Cell membrane
The protective barrier that encloses a cell
Contains proteins, lipids, and phospholipids
Has two layers of phospholipids
Hydrophilic
Water loving
Hydrophobic
Water fearing
Phospholipids
Lipids are hydrophobic, Phosphorus is hydrophilic
A lipid that contains phosphorus
Function of the cell membrane
Cell membrane separates the components of a cell
from its environment—surrounds the cell
“Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of
materials into and out of cell—selectively permeable
Cell membrane helps cells maintain homeostasis—
stable internal balance
Selectively Permeable
Some substances are able to pass through the membrane while other substances are not
Protein channels/pumps
span the membrane and make hydrophilic tunnels across it, allowing their target molecules to pass through by diffusion. Protein Channels are for Passive Transport, Protein Pumps are Active Transport
Cholesterol
helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D
Carbohydrates chain
regulating protein conformation, transport, and stability but also in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions.
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell, produces the energy the cell needs in order to carry out all its cellular processes.
Nucleus
The cells command center, stores DNA
Ribosome
Makes complex proteins, factories
Smooth/Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum
Where the membrane is produced
Golgi apparatus
Sorts and processes vesicles
