Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What are the basic units of all living organisms?

Answer 1

Cells- complex structures that form the basic units of all living organisms.

Question 2

Name the two types of cells.

Answer 2

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 3

What are the key structures found in Prokaryotes?

Answer 3

•Cytoplasm

•Cell wall

•Plasma membrane

•Plasmid

•Flagellum

•Capsule

•Ribosomes

•Nucleoid

•Endospore

•Pilus

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotes have a _______ that provides protection.

Answer 4

Cell wall

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

Answer 5

Protein synthesis- Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

What are two examples of Eukaryotic cells…

Answer 6

•Animal cell

•Plant cell

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

•Forms boundary layers between two cellular compartments

•The cell membrane is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the cell and its compartments.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the control center of the cell.

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

Answer 9

False

Chloroplasts are organelles that are found in plant cells, not animal cells.

Question 10

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

•Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

•The Golgi apparatus plays a critical role in processing and transporting proteins.

Question 11

Name an organelle that is involved in energy production.

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 12

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum involved in?

Answer 12

•Lipid synthesis and detoxification

•The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of certain chemicals.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for storing substances in plant cells.

Answer 13

Vacuole

Question 14

What type of cell has a capsule structure?

Answer 14

Prokaryotic cell

The capsule is a protective layer found in some Prokaryotic cells.

Question 15

List the organelles found in plant cells that are not present in animal cells.

Answer 15

• Cell wall
• Chloroplasts
• Large central vacuole

Question 16

Draw and label an example of a Prokaryote cell…

Answer 16

Bacteria cell

Question 17

Draw and label an example of an animal cell…

Answer 17

Round cell with a plasma membrane and membrane bound organelles (see notes)

Question 18

What are the key structures found in animal cells?

Answer 18

•Plasma membrane

•Cytoplasm

•Lysosome

•Golgi apparatus

•Smooth and rough ER

•Nucleus/ nucleolus

•ribosomes

•Mitochondria

Question 19

Draw and label an example of a plant cell…

Answer 19

Rectangular like structure with a cell wall, membrane bound organelles, chloroplasts and a vacuole (see notes)

Question 20

What are the key structures in plant cells?

Answer 20

•Mitochondria

•Ribosomes

•Smooth and rough ER

•Cell wall and cell membrane

•Vacuole

•chloroplasts

•golgi apparatus

Question 21

What is a cell membrane composed of?

Answer 21

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 22

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 22

•To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

•Some proteins embedded act as receptors for external signals or transport of molecules across the membrane

•Provides structural support

Question 23

What is the primary and secondary cell wall in plants made of?

Answer 23

•A layer outside the cell membrane

•Primary- made of cellulose and pectin

•Secondary- can contain lignin

Question 24

What are bacterial cell walls made of?

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan

Question 25

What are fungal cell walls made of?

Answer 25

Chitin

Question 26

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 26

•Structural support •Protection •osmotic pressure resistance •permeability (plant cells only)

Question 27

What are the structures within the nucleus?

Answer 27

•Nuclear pores (exchange of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm) •Nuclear envelope (double membrane separating nucleus from the cytoplasm) •Nucleoplasm (houses DNA and nucleolus)

Question 28

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 28

•DNA storage and protection •DNA replication and transcription •Ribosome synthesis, cell growth and division

Question 29

What is the structure of the nuclear membrane/ envelope?

Answer 29

•Double layered structure that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells •Composed of an inner and outer membrane

Question 30

What are the functions of the nuclear membrane/ envelope?

Answer 30

•Acts as a barrier/ protection of genetic material •Selective transport •Structural support

Question 31

What is the structure of the cytoplasm?

Answer 31

•Cytosol gel like fluid composed of water, salts, proteins and organelles •Cytoskeleton (network of protein fibres)

Question 32

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 32

•For metabolic processes •Provides a suitable environment for organelles •transport •structural support •storage

Question 33

What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 33

•A network of interconnected membranes, divided into rough ER and smooth ER •Rough ER contains ribosomes, smooth ER does not •Both RER and SER both contain tubules and cisternae

Question 34

What are the functions of the ER?

Answer 34

•Provides Intracellular transport and cellular homeostasis •Rough is the site for protein synthesis playing a role in protein folding •Smooth regulates calcium ion concentration (muscle contraction) and synthesises lipids, phospholipids and detoxifies harmful substances