Cell structure and function 3

Question 1

What is included in al structures of a cell?

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm; cytosol & organelles, nucleus.

Question 2

The plasma (cell) membrane contains…

Answer 2

a phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, attached carbohydrates.

Question 3

what colour is cholesterol in the body?

Answer 3

yellow.

Question 4

What are the different functions of the cell membrane? (write down)

Answer 4

• Acts as a barrier between in & outside of cell.
• Controls what materials enter cell (transportation)
• Receives chemical & mechanical signals
• transmits signals between intra and extra cellular spaces

Question 5

What is the term for body fluid between cells?

Answer 5

Interstitial.

Question 6

What is the term for body fluid in blood vessels?

Answer 6

Plasma.

Question 7

What is the term for body fluid in lymphatic vessels?

Answer 7

Lymphatic.

Question 8

Describe the term solvent.

Answer 8

A solvent does the dissolving (water in cells)

Question 9

Describe the term solute.

Answer 9

A solute is the material dissolved.

Question 10

Describe the term concentration.

Answer 10

Concentration is the amount of solute (dissolved material) in a given amount of solvent.

Question 11

Describe the term concentration gradient.

Answer 11

The difference in concentration between two areas of solution.

Question 12

List the 5 different membrane transport mechanisms.

Answer 12

simple diffusion,
facilitated diffusion,
osmosis,
active transport,
transport in vesicles.

Question 13

What is another term for ‘diffusion’?

Answer 13

Passive transport.

Question 14

If ions are charged during diffusion, what must they go through?

Answer 14

Specialised ion channels that can open and shut = gated channels.

Question 15

Does simple diffusion require a concentration gradient of solute?

Answer 15

Yes.

Question 16

Where does simple diffusion do the dissolving?

Answer 16

The lipid membrane. (O2, CO2, lipid soluble vitamins).

Question 17

What is required in the membrane during facilitated diffusion?

Answer 17

A carrier.

Question 18

Does facilitated diffusion only go up or down the concentration gradient?

Answer 18

Down.

Question 19

What is a term for maximum speed?

Answer 19

Saturates.

Question 20

During facilitated diffusion, what is maximum speed dependant on?

Answer 20

The carrier number.

Question 21

What is osmosis?

Answer 21

Diffusion of water, must have semi permeable membrane.

Question 22

What 2 things does active transport require?

Answer 22

a carrier & energy (ATP).

Question 23

Does active transport, transport up or down a concentration gradient?

Answer 23

Up.

Question 24

Active transport is critical for moving important ____?

Answer 24

Ions.

Question 25

There is a pump of sodium Na+ and potassium K+ in what type of membrane transport?

Answer 25

Active transport.

Question 26

What does transport in vesicles require?

Answer 26

Energy (ATP).

Question 27

Transport in vesicles involves endocytosis & exocytosis, explain these terms.

Answer 27

Endocytosis imports material & exocytosis exports materials.

Question 28

Explain what the cytoplasm is.

Answer 28

Contains cell contents, includes organelles and cytosol, excludes nucleus.

Question 29

What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell.

Answer 29

Maintains cell shape, locates and transports organelles, ability to change cell shape.

Question 30

What organelles does the cytoskeleton contain?

Answer 30

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.

Question 31

centrosome contains...

Answer 31

centriole & pericentriolar material.

Question 32

Describe the cilia.

Answer 32

Always in groups, found in respiratory system, moves mucous.

Question 33

What type of synthesis are ribosomes the site of?

Answer 33

Protein synthesis.

Question 34

What are ribosomes made up of?

Answer 34

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) & ribosomal proteins.

Question 35

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 35

Attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytosol.

Question 36

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

Answer 36

To modify and package proteins. e g lipoproteins and glycoproteins. Some are packaged into vesicles.

Question 37

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 37

Digestive enzymes.

Question 38

Where is the abundance of peroxisomes and what is their function?

Answer 38

Abundant in the liver. Oxidise for detoxification.

Question 39

What is the function of proteosomes?

Answer 39

To digest proteins.

Question 40

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 40

Produces energy (ATP), oxygen is consumed and nutrients are oxidised.